Start with the exact HTTP status, CloudFront error code and failed manifest or segment URL—not a blanket cache change. A CloudFront error can come from the viewer request, a distribution behavior, origin access, DNS/TLS or network reachability, the origin application, or a cached error response. Work through those layers in order, using the error-specific checks below.
1. Capture the failure before changing settings
Record the failure as it appears to a viewer, then test the affected URLs independently. A single report does not establish that every viewer or region is affected.
- Note the HTTP status and any CloudFront error code or response headers.
- Record the time of the failure and the viewer’s region, if known.
- Copy the exact URL of the failing object. Test the parent manifest and at least one failing media segment separately.
- Check whether the origin returned an HTTP response or CloudFront failed to obtain one. Use origin logs and response headers where available.
CloudFront’s status-specific guide covers HTTP 400, 401, 403, 404, 412, 500, 502, 503 and 504. Follow the branch for the observed status rather than treating all 4xx or 5xx responses alike: AWS: Troubleshooting error response status codes in CloudFront.
2. Match the failed URL to the right origin and behavior
Live video is delivered over HTTP as manifests and media segments. Common packaging formats include HLS, DASH, Smooth Streaming and CMAF, and each workflow can use different endpoint paths. Compare the failing URL with the distribution’s origin domain, origin path and cache behavior path pattern.
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- Confirm that the parent manifest and segment requests are routed to the intended origin; they may use different behaviors.
- Check whether the request path, including capitalization and endpoint-specific prefixes, matches the configured behavior.
- For MediaPackage workflows, use the endpoint-specific origin and behavior configuration documented by AWS. A wildcard behavior may be needed for requests that do not match a more specific path; a request sent to the wrong endpoint can return 404.
- Do not copy a sample path pattern without confirming your packaging format and actual endpoint. AWS’s examples are specific to the workflows described there.
See AWS: Deliver video streaming with CloudFront and AWS Media Services for the live-streaming configuration examples. For background on supported video delivery formats, see AWS: Video on demand and live streaming video with CloudFront.
3. Follow the status-specific branch
For HTTP 403, establish which origin is rejecting the request
A 403 is not automatically an S3 permissions problem. First identify the origin type and determine whether the response came from it or from CloudFront’s request handling. For an S3 origin, verify that the object exists at the exact key and that capitalization matches: a missing object or case mismatch can present as Access Denied. Then check bucket permissions and the credentials or origin access configuration in use. For a non-S3 origin, inspect that origin’s authorization rules and access logs instead of applying S3-specific fixes.
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AWS lists missing objects, case-sensitive key mismatches, missing bucket permissions and invalid or insufficient credentials among possible S3-origin causes: AWS: Troubleshooting distribution issues.
For HTTP 404, verify the requested object and route
Check the full path and whether the object or endpoint exists at the selected origin. For live streams, pay particular attention to whether manifest and segment paths match the intended cache behaviors and origin. A path routed to the wrong endpoint can produce a 404 even when another part of the stream is reachable.
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For HTTP 504, test reachability before application timeouts
- Check that the custom origin is reachable from the public internet if the architecture requires it.
- Verify that firewalls and security groups allow CloudFront traffic to reach the origin.
- If network access is working, investigate slow application responses and the origin timeout configuration.
- Check origin logs to determine whether the origin itself returned 504; CloudFront can also return this status when it cannot obtain a timely response.
Use the status-specific guidance at AWS: HTTP 504 status code (Gateway Timeout).
For HTTP 502, check DNS and TLS
Check the origin DNS configuration and whether CloudFront can establish a TLS connection to the origin. Use the exact CloudFront error code and origin hostname to narrow the cause; a 502 alone does not identify which setting is wrong. AWS’s detailed checks are at AWS: HTTP 502 status code (Bad Gateway).
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For other 4xx and 5xx statuses, use the matching branch
For 400, 401, 412, 500 or 503, consult the corresponding status guidance rather than assuming the cause from the status family. Compare CloudFront’s response with the origin response, request path and origin logs. AWS’s status guide covers these codes as well as 403, 404, 502 and 504: Troubleshooting error response status codes in CloudFront.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.4. Check whether a fixed error is still cached
After correcting a route, permission or origin issue, CloudFront may continue serving a cached error response. The observed duration depends on the status code, edge-cache state, custom error configuration, the distribution’s error caching minimum TTL and, in some cases, Cache-Control headers from the origin. AWS’s general status-processing guidance gives a 10-second default minimum TTL, but that is not a universal wait time: verify the current distribution setting and response headers before concluding the underlying fault remains.
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See AWS: How CloudFront processes HTTP 4xx and 5xx status codes from your origin for how status responses are handled.
5. Troubleshoot by evidence, not by guess
| Evidence | Next check |
|---|---|
| The origin returned an HTTP error | Investigate the origin’s status, authorization, application logs and requested object or path. |
| CloudFront could not obtain an origin response | Check origin reachability, firewall and security group rules, DNS and TLS as applicable; then investigate response delays and timeout settings. |
| Only the manifest or only segments fail | Compare the two URLs against their cache behaviors, origin mapping and endpoint-specific path patterns. |
| An S3-origin request returns 403 | Check exact key and case, object existence, bucket permissions and origin credentials. |
| The issue persists after a configuration or origin fix | Check whether an error response is cached and review the current error caching minimum TTL and response headers. |
Keep the tested URL, status, error code, timestamp and origin evidence together when escalating the issue. Those details distinguish a viewer-request or routing fault from an origin access failure, a connectivity problem or a cached response.
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