Quick wins for a faster PC:
Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFix Now →Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →The 44-image gallery brings together portraits and documentary scenes made by several photographers and preserved by different archives. Its added color is not one uniform process: some pictures were tinted or hand-colored decades ago, while at least one was colorized in the modern era. Reading the captions alongside the original records identifies people such as Oglala Lakota leader Broken Arm, Cayuse twins, and Blackfoot, Siksika and Crow subjects—and also shows why these photographs must be treated as shaped historical records rather than complete pictures of Native life.
What this gallery actually contains
The title can make the set sound like a single historical project. It is not. The pictures were made at different times, by different photographers, for different purposes, and are now held in several collections. Captions credit Walter McClintock and the Yale Collection of Western Americana at the Beinecke Library, the Library of Congress, the Denver Public Library, the University of Wyoming’s American Heritage Center and other repositories. Some images are formal studio portraits; others show people working or appear to have been made in outdoor settings.
That variety matters when you ask what a picture proves. A named sitter in a dated studio portrait can be identified more securely than an unidentified person whose nation is inferred from clothing. A photographer’s field scene records a particular encounter and viewpoint, not an entire community. The gallery is therefore best read as an introduction to specific photographs and their surviving documentation, not as a visual census of Native peoples.
Whose faces and communities appear?
Broken Arm, photographed twice
One caption identifies Broken Arm, also recorded as Isto Nawege, as Oglala Lakota. Frank Rinehart made the 1898 portrait, and Adolph Muhr hand-colored it. A separate image in the gallery shows Broken Arm in an 1899 photograph by Herman Heyn. Keeping those entries separate is essential: the sitter is the same named individual, but the photographer, year and treatment differ.
Free tools Windows power users keep installed
One-click scans. No signup required.
#1 Best Overall
- Read Before You Buy — No Video Output: These adapters support charging and USB 2.0 data transfer, but cannot transmit video signals. Except for standard USB webcams (which use USB data only), they are not compatible with HDMI/DisplayPort cables, video-capable USB-C hubs, or docking stations with video output.
- Convert USB-A Ports to USB-C: Designed to connect USB-C earphones, cables, flash drives, card readers, and other USB-C accessories to standard USB-A ports. Plug-and-play with no drivers or software required.
- Aluminum Alloy Housing: Built with a sturdy aluminum alloy shell that aids in heat dissipation and protects against daily wear and scratches. Designed to maintain a stable and secure connection.
- Compact & Travel-Friendly: The ultra-compact design allows the adapter to stay plugged into your device without blocking adjacent ports or adding bulk, reducing wear and tear on your original USB ports.
- 12-Month Warranty: Backed by a 12-month manufacturer warranty for peace of mind. Designed to meet strict quality control standards for reliable everyday performance.
Cayuse twins
Lee Moorhouse’s 1898 photograph of Cayuse twins is another specifically identified portrait. The caption supplies the nation and photographer, while the image’s later presentation should not be mistaken for evidence that Moorhouse worked for the same project or archive as the other photographers.
Blackfoot and Siksika photographs
Walter McClintock’s work includes photographs of Blackfoot people in Montana, also described with the Siksika name. The Yale collection at the Beinecke Library holds many of the McClintock images represented in the gallery. Their captions connect individual scenes to McClintock’s fieldwork rather than to Edward Curtis’s separate enterprise.
Crow photographs
Richard Throssel is credited for photographs of Crow people. As with the Blackfoot pictures, the photographer’s name and the community identification are part of the record; they should not be generalized to every image in the gallery.
Rank #2
- 5-in-1 USB-C Hub: Experience comprehensive connectivity featuring a Power Delivery input, two USB-A 2.0 ports, a USB-A 3.0 port, and an HDMI port. (Note: The USB-C power delivery input port is only for connecting an external wall charger to power your laptop and cannot power peripheral devices.)
- 90W Pass-Through Charging: Achieve optimal charging with 90W pass-through power to your laptop, supported by a total input of 100W, with the hub reserving 10W for operational efficiency. (Note: Wall charger not included.)
- Quick Data Transfers: Accelerate your productivity with rapid data transfers using a high-speed 5Gbps USB 3.0 port and two 480Mbps USB 2.0 ports.
- 4K HDMI Display: Enhance your visual experience with a hub capable of delivering 4K resolution at 30Hz in both mirror and extend modes. Please note that this hub is compatible with MacBook (macOS 12 and newer), Windows 10 and 11, ChromeOS, and laptops equipped with DP Alt Mode and Power Delivery. Note: This device is not compatible with Linux.
- What You Get: Anker USB-C Hub (5-in-1, 4K HDMI), welcome guide, 18-month warranty, and our friendly customer service.
How the photographs acquired color
“Colorized” is a convenient gallery label, but it covers several materially different histories. A black-and-white negative, a print tinted soon after exposure, a slide painted by hand and a digital reconstruction can all appear in color while carrying different levels of historical evidence.
The Tool Desk
Outbyte Driver Updater FREEFix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Outbyte PC Repair FREEClear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →| Treatment | What it means here | How to read the color |
|---|---|---|
| Historical tinting | One photograph is described as dating from about 1879 and being tinted around 1910. | The tint is a later historical intervention, not the scene’s original exposure. |
| Hand-coloring | Adolph Muhr hand-colored Frank Rinehart’s 1898 portrait of Broken Arm. | It documents an early colorist’s choices and materials, not a guaranteed match to every original hue. |
| Modern colorization | At least one image is explicitly described as colorized in the modern era. | Added digital color can clarify forms but cannot establish the exact colors present at the time. |
| Process not stated | The captions do not establish a color process for every image. | Do not assume that an attractive color rendering is contemporaneous with the photograph. |
Color can make beadwork, blankets, hair, landscape and other details easier to notice. It can also make a reconstruction feel more certain than the surviving evidence warrants. The photographer’s framing and the colorist’s decisions both influence what draws your eye. Brazilian artist Marina Amaral, whom All That’s Interesting quotes, describes the appeal this way: “Color has the power to bring life back to the most important moments.” That emotional effect is real, but it is not the same as recovering an untouched visual record.
Why McClintock’s Blackfoot images are distinctive
The gallery’s Blackfoot material has a documented chain of production unlike a simple modern colorization. McClintock made more than 2,000 photographs of Blackfoot people in Montana between 1903 and 1912. He sent selected negatives to Chicago slide colorist Charlotte Pinkerton, who worked from his field notes. McClintock then presented the resulting color slides with a magic lantern.
Rank #3
- Sleek 7-in-1 USB-C Hub: Features an HDMI port, two USB-A 3.0 ports, and a USB-C data port, each providing 5Gbps transfer speeds. It also includes a USB-C PD input port for charging up to 100W and dual SD and TF card slots, all in a compact design.
- Flawless 4K@60Hz Video with HDMI: Delivers exceptional clarity and smoothness with its 4K@60Hz HDMI port, making it ideal for high-definition presentations and entertainment. (Note: Only the HDMI port supports video projection; the USB-C port is for data transfer only.)
- Double Up on Efficiency: The two USB-A 3.0 ports and a USB-C port support a fast 5Gbps data rate, significantly boosting your transfer speeds and improving productivity.
- Fast and Reliable 85W Charging: Offers high-capacity, speedy charging for laptops up to 85W, so you spend less time tethered to an outlet and more time being productive.
- What You Get: Anker USB-C Hub (7-in-1), welcome guide, 18-month warranty, and our friendly customer service.
Descriptions of Pinkerton’s method remain qualified. She likely used pigments such as oil, varnish, watercolor or aniline dyes, but the surviving account does not establish a single recipe for every slide. “Likely” belongs in any explanation of the process. The field notes could supply information about objects and settings, yet they still represent McClintock’s observations and categories. A colored slide is therefore both an early visual reproduction and an interpretation made through notes, pigments and projection.
Photographer, archive and date: keep the identities straight
A caption may contain several dates: when the negative was exposed, when a print was made, when it was tinted, or when a modern reproduction was prepared. Those are not interchangeable. The following distinctions help prevent common errors.
What’s actually slowing this PC down?
Pick the symptom - the matching free tool is one click away.
- Photographer: the person who operated the camera or made the original exposure, such as Rinehart, Heyn, Moorhouse, McClintock or Throssel.
- Colorist: a person who altered a print, slide or digital file, such as Muhr or, in the McClintock process, Pinkerton.
- Repository: the institution preserving a negative, print, slide or digital surrogate. The Yale collection, Library of Congress, Denver Public Library and University of Wyoming’s American Heritage Center are not interchangeable sources.
- Object date: the date of the photograph or later treatment. A circa-1879 exposure tinted around 1910 has two relevant dates.
When a caption leaves a person, nation, place or process unidentified, retain that uncertainty. Clothing and visual appearance alone cannot reliably supply an individual’s identity or community.
Rank #4
- Dual Converters, Infinite Potential：Includes 2× USB C male to USB A female adapters and 2× USB A male to USB C female adapters. Perfect for a wide range of uses—tablets with Bluetooth keyboards, expand USB ports on macbook, and more. Two different converters for all your daily needs
- Next-Level 10Gbps & 3A Charging: No more slow 480Mbps, this usb to usb c adapter has a transfer speed of up to 10Gbps, allowing you to do more transferring in less time. This usb adapter fits both USB A and USB C charger, supporting up to 3A fast charging
- Upgraded Exquisite Craftsmanship: With an aluminum alloy housing and metal connector, the usbc to usb adapter is extremely durable and sturdy. Rigorously tested to withstand more than 10,000 times of plugging and unplugging, ensuring long-lasting performance
- Broad Compatible: The usb c to usb adapter widely supports all USB C/ USB A devices like laptops, tablets, cellphones, car chargers, and phone chargers. Such as compatible with MacBook Pro/Air 2023/2022, Thunderbolt 4/3 Devices,Apple MagSafe Watch 9/8/7/SE/Ultra, iPad Pro 2022/2021, Samsung Galaxy S23/S20/S10, and iPhone 17/16/15 Pro. Plug and play
- Please Note: To reach 10Gbps speed, keep the cable under 3.3 ft. For USB A Male to USB C adapters, try flipping the USB C connector. USB C Male to USB A adapters support bidirectional 10Gbps transfer within 3.3 ft
Edward S. Curtis: an important archive, not the source of every image
Researchers often reach for the Edward S. Curtis Collection because it is one of the largest and most accessible bodies of historic Native American photography. The Library of Congress describes more than 2,400 silver-gelatin, first-generation photographic prints made from Curtis’s original glass negatives; some prints are sepia-toned. More than 1,000 photographs have been digitized and individually described. The collection is a valuable route to related primary records, but it is not the repository for every photograph in this gallery.
Curtis’s illustrated project, The North American Indian, comprises 20 volumes. Volume one appeared in 1907, and the final two volumes were issued in 1930. World War II dispersed the original negatives: many were destroyed, while some were sold as junk. Consequently, a surviving print, a digitized copy and a lost negative may represent different stages of the object’s history.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What Curtis’s photographs leave out
The Library of Congress guide presents Curtis’s stated aim as documenting Native peoples who “still retained to a considerable degree their primitive customs and traditions.” That wording belongs to Curtis’s salvage-ethnography framework, not to contemporary descriptions of Native nations. Commentators have noted that he sometimes manipulated subjects and surroundings to create a romanticized past, omitted the ways Euro-American culture had already reshaped Native life, and collapsed differences among communities.
Best Value
- 5-in-1 Connectivity: Equipped with a 4K HDMI port, a 5 Gbps USB-C data port, two 5 Gbps USB-A ports, and a USB C 100W PD-IN port. Note: The USB C 100W PD-IN port supports only charging and does not support data transfer devices such as headphones or speakers.
- Powerful Pass-Through Charging: Supports up to 85W pass-through charging so you can power up your laptop while you use the hub. Note: Pass-through charging requires a charger (not included). Note: To achieve full power for iPad, we recommend using a 45W wall charger.
- Transfer Files in Seconds: Move files to and from your laptop at speeds of up to 5 Gbps via the USB-C and USB-A data ports. Note: The USB C 5Gbps Data port does not support video output.
- HD Display: Connect to the HDMI port to stream or mirror content to an external monitor in resolutions of up to 4K@30Hz. Note: The USB-C ports do not support video output.
- What You Get: Anker 332 USB-C Hub (5-in-1), welcome guide, our worry-free 18-month warranty, and friendly customer service.
Those limitations do not make every Curtis photograph useless. They tell you how to interpret it. Ask who commissioned or selected the image, what the camera excludes, whether clothing or objects were arranged, and how a caption names the community. Compare the visible scene with the catalog record rather than treating the frame as a transparent window onto an entire people. The same questions apply to non-Curtis photographs: every image records a particular act of representation.
A practical way to investigate an image
- Start with the caption. Record the exact spelling of the sitter’s name, nation, photographer, date and repository. Preserve alternate names such as “Broken Arm (Isto Nawege)” instead of silently replacing one form.
- Separate exposure from treatment. Note whether the entry says original monochrome, historical tinting, hand-coloring or modern colorization. If no process is stated, mark it as unknown.
- Locate the holding institution. Search the named archive’s catalog for the original print, negative, slide or a higher-resolution scan. A gallery reproduction may not show borders, inscriptions or catalog notes.
- Check related records. For Curtis material, the Library of Congress descriptions can connect a digital print to its collection history. For McClintock material, Yale’s Western Americana records can clarify the object and its fieldwork context.
- Read for omissions. Ask what the photographer’s framing leaves outside the picture and whether the caption repeats an older romantic or “vanishing” narrative.
- Quote uncertainty accurately. Use “identified as,” “the caption credits,” or “the process is not stated” when the record does not establish more.
Comparing the images without flattening them
| Comparison question | Why it changes interpretation | Example from the gallery |
|---|---|---|
| Original monochrome or added color? | Color may be historical, modern or undocumented, and each carries different evidentiary weight. | Muhr’s hand-colored Rinehart portrait differs from a modernly colorized image. |
| Studio portrait or field scene? | A posed sitter and an activity scene involve different choices of setting, pose and audience. | Broken Arm’s formal portraits can be compared with McClintock’s field photographs. |
| Named or unidentified subject? | A name anchored in a catalog is stronger evidence than an inference from appearance. | Broken Arm and the Cayuse twins are named; other captions may provide less detail. |
| Which photographer and archive? | Provenance reveals the institution, project and selection history behind the reproduction. | McClintock’s Yale-held images are distinct from Curtis records at the Library of Congress. |
| Exposure date or reproduction date? | A later tint, print or scan can be mistaken for the date of the original scene. | The circa-1879 photograph tinted around 1910 has separate event and treatment dates. |
Respectful use and viewing
The Library of Congress asks researchers to approach these materials with respect for the cultures and sensibilities of the people whose lives, ideas and creativity they document. That request is practical, not decorative. Avoid treating a portrait as an anonymous costume image, and do not infer a nation from regalia without catalog support. Use the person’s recorded name and nation where available, acknowledge alternate spellings, and distinguish historical language from present-day descriptions.
Terms such as “vanishing race” or “disappearing people” describe a colonial-era narrative, not the status of Native peoples today. When those ideas appear in a historical source, identify them as the source’s framing and explain the assumptions behind it. The people pictured belonged to living nations with histories that continue beyond the camera’s frame.
Further reading through the Curtis books
The Library of Congress describes The North American Indian as Curtis’s 20-volume illustrated project, using photoengravings, and lists a reprint in its Prints and Photographs Division reference collection. These books are a path to studying Curtis’s sequencing, captions and visual rhetoric. They are not an edition of this gallery, and consulting them should be paired with the collection records and the cultural cautions above.
Quick Recap
Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.
Say something about this film