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When Brian Cox releases a bowling ball and a feather together inside NASA’s evacuated Space Power Facility, they reach the floor essentially at the same time. Removing the air removes the drag that normally lets the bowling ball win; it does not remove gravity. In the ideal experiment, both objects have the same downward gravitational acceleration.
What the BBC demonstration shows
The drop appeared in BBC’s Human Universe, presented by Brian Cox. A feather and a bowling ball were placed in NASA’s Space Power Facility in Sandusky, Ohio, the site formerly known as Plum Brook Station. After the chamber was evacuated, both objects were released from approximately the same height and fell together.
The segment and its November 4, 2014 coverage are identified by Futurism; the linked BBC video is available on YouTube. The available documentation does not state the filmed drop’s exact ball mass, feather type, release height, chamber pressure or measured time difference.
Why the feather loses in an ordinary room
Two forces matter during a fall: gravity pulls downward, while air resistance (drag) opposes motion. A bowling ball has substantial weight compared with its cross-sectional area, so drag is relatively small. A feather has little weight, a broad irregular surface and a low terminal speed, so air drag is large compared with its weight.
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Thus the feather’s slow fall in air is not evidence that gravity accelerates it less strongly. It is evidence that the atmosphere interferes with its motion. Remove most of the air and that difference largely disappears.
The physics in one equation
Near Earth’s surface, the gravitational force on an object is approximately:
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Fg = mg
Newton’s second law says:
F = ma
Equating the ideal gravitational force with the net force gives ma = mg, so the nonzero mass cancels and a = g. The objects still have different masses and therefore different gravitational forces, but each object’s resistance to acceleration increases in the same proportion. With negligible drag and the same release conditions, both accelerate at roughly 9.8 m/s² locally.
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A vacuum greatly reduces the number of air molecules striking the objects, suppressing aerodynamic drag and turbulence. It need not contain literally zero molecules: the remaining gas only has to produce negligible resistance compared with gravity. The feather is not weightless, and gravity has not switched off.
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NASA says this facility can reach pressures below 4 × 10−6 Torr in less than eight hours. That is a current capability of the facility, not a documented pressure for the 2014 filmed drop.
Inside NASA’s Space Power Facility
NASA describes the chamber as the world’s largest space-simulation vacuum chamber, a more precise claim than calling it the largest vacuum chamber of every kind. It is part of the Space Environments Complex at NASA’s Neil A. Armstrong Test Facility in Ohio.
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| Feature | NASA-published figure or description |
|---|---|
| Diameter | 100 ft (30.5 m) |
| Height | 122 ft (37.2 m) |
| Internal volume | 22,653 m³ (about 800,000 ft³) |
| Loading doors | 50 × 50 ft (15.24 × 15.24 m) |
| Vacuum capability | Below 4 × 10−6 Torr in under eight hours |
| Primary role | Large-scale space-environment simulation |
| Operations began | 1969 |
The chamber is used for spacecraft and hardware testing, including rocket-fairing separation, Mars lander systems, solar arrays, solar sails and International Space Station radiator deployments. NASA provides current information through its Space Environments Complex overview, facility page and Neil A. Armstrong Test Facility reference.
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Are they perfectly simultaneous?
“Essentially together” is the scientifically safer description. A tiny difference could result from unsynchronized release, unequal starting heights, residual gas, rotation, contact with the release mechanism, camera frame rate or perspective. The video demonstrates equal gravitational acceleration at ordinary viewing resolution; it is not a precision timing experiment.
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Is this Galileo’s experiment?
The demonstration presents the falling-body principle associated with Galileo, but it is not a verified recreation of a documented drop from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The popular tower story is not securely established in the simple eyewitness form often repeated. What is firmly established is the physical result: when air resistance is negligible, objects of different masses fall with the same acceleration in the same gravitational field.
How the result compares with the Moon
Apollo 15 astronaut David Scott’s hammer-and-feather drop produced the same basic result on the Moon, whose atmosphere is too thin to create meaningful drag. The two demonstrations are separate: NASA’s chamber provides Earth’s gravity with air removed, while the Moon provides a naturally airless environment with weaker lunar gravity. Objects therefore fall together in both cases, but more slowly on the Moon.
Could you reproduce it safely?
- Use a transparent vacuum tube or classroom vacuum apparatus specifically rated for demonstration use.
- Release objects from the same height without giving either one an extra push.
- Keep the test small and use equipment with a known pressure rating.
Do not put ordinary jars, bottles or un rated glass containers under vacuum: implosion can be dangerous. Never attempt to evacuate a room or construct a large improvised chamber. A normal household drop will not reproduce the effect reliably because air drag remains significant.
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What the demonstration does—and does not—prove
- It demonstrates that negligible air resistance lets a feather and bowling ball share the same gravitational acceleration near Earth.
- It does not show that air has no effect in daily life; air drag is exactly why the feather normally lags.
- It is consistent with the equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass, but it is not a precision test of every aspect of Einstein’s general relativity.
- The chamber is not a perfect vacuum, and “world’s biggest” should be understood as NASA’s category-specific space-simulation claim.
NASA’s historical and technical facility material includes the Space Power Facility description and a NASA Technical Reports Server specification.
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