Europe’s fractured reality is stark at the France–Italy frontier: once symbols of unity, borders now harden as refugees arriving via the Mediterranean or Balkan routes are turned back, exposing deep contradictions in the EU’s promise of openness.

Europe’s fractured reality is stark at the France–Italy frontier: once symbols of unity, borders now harden as refugees arriving via the Mediterranean or Balkan routes are turned back, exposing deep contradictions in the EU’s promise of openness.