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Mark Bray, the Rutgers historian who wrote Antifa: The Anti-Fascist Handbook, said in October 2025 that his family planned to leave the United States for Europe after threats and the exposure of their home address. WIRED reported that their first attempt to fly out was disrupted when their United Airlines reservations disappeared. The contemporaneous accounts describe a plan to move and Bray’s intention to try flying again; they do not establish whether the family ultimately reached Europe or where they are now.
Who is Mark Bray?
Bray is a historian at Rutgers University and the author of Antifa: The Anti-Fascist Handbook, published in 2017. WIRED reported that he donated half of the book’s profits to the International Anti-Fascist Defense Fund. Writing about antifascism does not establish membership in a formal organization.
What prompted the renewed attention?
WIRED connected the renewed attention to the Trump administration’s September 22, 2025 executive order seeking to designate antifa a “domestic terrorist organization.” Bray commented publicly on the order, and WIRED described subsequent posts about him by Milo Yiannopoulos, Jack Posobiec, and Andy Ngo, followed by threats. That account describes a reported sequence; it does not establish that any of those figures sent the anonymous threats.
Bray told WIRED that the decision to leave came after the family’s home address became known to people he said wanted to harm them. He characterized the administration’s political framing this way: “Trump is trying to look for a boogeyman and using this kind of nebulous term that is misunderstood in the public eye, a convenient way for him to demonize the left and anyone who opposes his administration.”
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What did the reports say about the threats?
The two news accounts describe different scopes, based on their own reporting. The Washington Post reported three death threats since September 26, 2025, based on screenshots of emails it reviewed; one threatened to kill Bray in front of his students. WIRED described dozens of targeted threats and said its reporters reviewed threatening emails. These are separately attributed accounts, not a single jointly verified total.
Neither report establishes who sent the anonymous threats or proves that they were part of a coordinated campaign. In a separate development, WIRED reported that Megyn Doyle, treasurer of Rutgers’ Turning Point USA chapter, launched a Change.org petition seeking Bray’s removal on October 2. The petition later included a statement disavowing threats, doxxing, and harassment; the petition itself is not evidence that its organizers sent threats.
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Why is antifa not simply an organization?
WIRED described antifa as a broad ideology embraced by antifascist activists, while the Washington Post described it as a decentralized movement. Those descriptions distinguish a loose political tendency from a formal organization with a defined membership list. Bray’s authorship of a book about antifascism, by itself, does not show that he belongs to such an organization.
Did Bray leave the United States?
In October 2025, Bray told the Washington Post that his family planned to move to Europe for a year and that his courses would move online. He told his students, “Since my family and I do not feel safe in our home at the moment, we are moving for the year to Europe.”
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WIRED reported that the family checked in, cleared security, and reached the gate for their first flight attempt before finding that their United Airlines reservations had disappeared from the airline’s system. Bray said he had been rebooked and planned to try again, but did not know why the reservations had vanished. WIRED said United did not immediately respond to its request for comment. The reports do not establish whether the family’s next attempt succeeded.
What did Rutgers and federal officials say?
Rutgers spokesperson Patti Zielinski told WIRED: “The University is aware of the Change.org petition regarding Professor Mark Bray and Dr. Bray’s message to his students,” and, “We are gathering more information about this evolving situation.”
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Tricia McLaughlin, assistant secretary for public affairs at the Department of Homeland Security, told WIRED: “We got this from the White House and are trying to get ground truth but are not tracking anything like this from TSA or CBP.” Her statement described the department’s information at the time; it did not confirm who made threats or what happened to the flight reservations.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Further reading
Bray’s 2017 book is Antifa: The Anti-Fascist Handbook. The reporting discussed here includes David Gilbert’s WIRED account published October 9, 2025, and the Washington Post’s report published October 8 and updated October 10, 2025.
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