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Cloud Development

How to Set Up a Cloud Development Environment With Vagrant and DigitalOcean

Use local Vagrant to manage DigitalOcean Droplets with a third-party provider, or deploy DigitalOcean’s Vagrant image and run Vagrant remotely. Here’s how the two routes differ and what to check.

By DocumentaryTube Team 6 min read
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You can pair Vagrant with DigitalOcean in two different ways: use a Vagrant provider plugin on your computer to manage Droplets, or deploy DigitalOcean’s Vagrant 1-Click Droplet and run Vagrant on that server. They are not interchangeable. The provider-plugin route most closely matches a local Vagrant workflow, but the plugin’s published compatibility history only shows tests through 2020, so verify that it supports your current Vagrant version before relying on it.

Choose where Vagrant will run

Vagrant describes a machine through a Vagrantfile and uses a provider to connect machine commands to a backend. Providers are separate integrations, and boxes are built for particular providers. DigitalOcean’s Marketplace Vagrant image takes a different approach: it installs Vagrant on a Droplet rather than making your local Vagrant installation create that Droplet.

Approach Where Vagrant runs What it does Key consideration
Third-party DigitalOcean provider plugin Your workstation Connects a local Vagrant project to DigitalOcean Droplets; the project documents vagrant up --provider=digital_ocean. The provider is third-party, and its repository’s compatibility table lists tests only through 2020. Check current support and configuration before use.
DigitalOcean Vagrant 1-Click Droplet The Droplet Deploys a server with Vagrant installed; you SSH into it and run Vagrant there. Deploying this image does not configure a local DigitalOcean provider on your workstation.

If your goal is for a local project to create and manage cloud machines, follow Route A. If you want a remote server on which to use Vagrant, follow Route B.

Prepare Vagrant and your project

  1. Install Vagrant using HashiCorp’s platform-specific instructions or a supported package manager: Vagrant installation.
  2. Create a directory for the project and move into it. Keep its Vagrantfile and provisioning files together so teammates can reproduce the setup.
  3. Choose a provider-compatible box and write or initialize a Vagrantfile. HashiCorp’s getting-started tutorial demonstrates the standard project workflow with a local VirtualBox provider; that example is not evidence that the DigitalOcean plugin is compatible: Set up your development environment.
  4. Review how Vagrant selects an installed provider and why boxes must match the backend: Vagrant providers and Provider basics.

Route A: let local Vagrant manage DigitalOcean Droplets

The devopsgroup-io/vagrant-digitalocean project describes a third-party provider plugin. Its documented command is vagrant up --provider=digital_ocean. Since its published compatibility tests stop at 2020, treat its command and configuration as project documentation—not a guarantee for current Vagrant, plugin, or DigitalOcean API versions. Check the project’s current releases, issues, and configuration instructions first.

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Configure and launch

  1. Install the provider plugin using the current installation instructions in the project repository. If Vagrant reports that the provider is missing, confirm installation and the provider’s exact name before proceeding.
  2. Prepare a Vagrantfile with the provider-specific settings documented by the plugin. At minimum, decide on the Droplet image, region, size, SSH key, and any provisioner settings the project requires. Exact current provider attributes are not established here; do not copy a configuration written for a different plugin version.
  3. Supply a DigitalOcean access token securely, using the method supported by the current provider instructions. Do not commit a real token in the Vagrantfile or a public repository, print it into logs, or include it in screenshots.
  4. From the project directory on your workstation, run vagrant up --provider=digital_ocean. If the plugin and configuration are compatible, Vagrant should ask the provider to create and prepare the cloud machine.
  5. Use vagrant status to inspect the machine state and vagrant ssh to connect as configured by the provider. Then use vagrant provision to rerun provisioning when needed. The provider repository lists these lifecycle commands, along with vagrant halt and vagrant destroy.

Credentials and permissions

DigitalOcean’s API documentation says creating a Droplet with POST /v2/droplets requires the droplet:create permission. Generate a token whose permissions match the operations you need; do not default to an unrestricted token. The exact additional permissions needed to manage a Droplet through a particular provider depend on that provider’s operations. See DigitalOcean Droplet Actions for the API permission reference.

Route B: deploy the Vagrant 1-Click Droplet

DigitalOcean’s Marketplace listing describes deployment through the control panel or API. In this route, the commands after deployment run on the Droplet, not on your workstation.

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  1. Deploy the Vagrant 1-Click App through the DigitalOcean control panel, or follow the Marketplace listing’s API example. That example creates a Droplet using a region, size, and the image value vagrant, with a bearer access token. Review the current listing and API documentation for the exact request and available choices: Vagrant 1-Click App.
  2. For API-based creation, protect the bearer token as a secret. DigitalOcean documents the droplet:create permission for creating Droplets; use only the scope needed for your intended operations.
  3. Once the Droplet is ready, connect by SSH to its public IPv4 address as root, as the Marketplace description directs. Confirm that the SSH key and access method match the deployment instructions.
  4. Run Vagrant commands in the remote shell. Use the Marketplace instructions for the image’s available Vagrant setup and project configuration; this is not the same as using vagrant ssh from a local project to reach a provider-managed machine.

Handle SSH and machine lifecycle carefully

The two routes do not imply the same SSH user or key setup. For the 1-Click image, DigitalOcean’s listing specifies SSH as root to the Droplet’s public IPv4 address. With the provider plugin, use the SSH user and key settings in the plugin’s current instructions; do not assume the Marketplace’s root login applies.

  • Use vagrant status to check the state of a provider-managed machine before acting on it.
  • Use vagrant halt when you want to stop a machine without removing it, and vagrant destroy when you intend to remove it. Confirm the target and any data you need before destroying resources.
  • For a Marketplace Droplet, follow DigitalOcean’s Droplet controls and the Marketplace instructions for its Vagrant environment.
  • Check the current plan and region in DigitalOcean’s live selector before deployment. The cost depends on the configuration; no specific current price is established here.

Troubleshoot common setup failures

Vagrant says the provider is unavailable

Check that the alternate provider plugin is installed and that you used its documented provider name. HashiCorp describes alternate providers as integrations that must be installed or otherwise supplied: Provider documentation.

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The box does not work with the selected provider

Vagrant boxes are provider-specific. Select a box built for the backend in use, rather than assuming a box for VirtualBox or another provider can be used with DigitalOcean.

Droplet creation fails with an authorization error

Verify that the token is valid, available to the provider or API request, and has droplet:create for an API-based creation request. Check the provider’s current documentation for permissions needed by any later actions.

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SSH cannot connect

Confirm the Droplet is ready, the public IP is correct, and the key and username match the selected route. For the 1-Click image, follow its root-over-SSH instructions; for the plugin, check its own current SSH configuration.

The plugin behaves differently from its examples

Because the repository’s compatibility table lists test entries only through 2020, check current releases and issues and verify compatibility with your installed Vagrant version. Do not treat an old example as confirmation of current API support.

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You see unexpected cloud charges

Review the selected region and plan before creating resources. Stop or destroy Droplets you no longer need using the controls for the route you chose, and verify the resulting resource state in DigitalOcean.

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