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To stream a video file from a Linux VPS to YouTube Live and keep it running after you disconnect from SSH, run FFmpeg inside a named tmux session. Copy the ingest URL and stream key from YouTube Live Control Room, use an RTMPS endpoint if your FFmpeg build supports it, and check YouTube’s stream preview and health before relying on the broadcast. tmux keeps the session available after SSH disconnects; it does not restart FFmpeg if the process exits.
What you need before starting
- A Linux VPS with enough sustained outbound bandwidth for the chosen video bitrate.
- FFmpeg and tmux installed for the Linux distribution and version running on the VPS.
- A video file stored at a stable path readable by the account that will run FFmpeg.
- A YouTube Live stream URL and stream key from YouTube Studio’s Live Control Room.
There is no verified universal VPS size for this job. If FFmpeg only sends an already-encoded file, CPU demand differs from a workflow that encodes or transcodes video. When choosing a server, consider sustained upload capacity, CPU if encoding, storage, region, and any provider restart or availability features. Check the installed FFmpeg build for RTMPS support rather than assuming every package includes it.
Prepare the VPS and YouTube stream
Install the tools
Use your distribution’s package manager to install FFmpeg and tmux. Package names and commands vary by distribution and version, so use the instructions for the operating system actually installed on your server. Confirm the video file’s path and permissions before starting.
Copy the YouTube URL and key
In YouTube Studio, open Live Control Room and create or select a stream. Copy the stream URL and stream key shown for that stream. YouTube requires both for an encoder connection. Treat the key like a password: do not publish it, include it in a public screenshot, or leave it in shell history that other users can read. Reset the key if it is compromised.
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YouTube recommends RTMPS, which carries RTMP over TLS/SSL encryption. If you choose RTMPS, copy the RTMPS URL from Live Control Room; do not assume the ordinary RTMP URL is interchangeable. Confirm that your FFmpeg build supports the protocol before beginning.
Run FFmpeg inside a named tmux session
- Connect to the VPS over SSH as the account that can read the video file and run FFmpeg.
- Create a session: run
tmux new -s ytstream. - Start FFmpeg in that session using the YouTube endpoint and key. The template below follows FFmpeg’s documented real-time input and FLV output pattern; replace the placeholder with the exact endpoint format YouTube provided:
ffmpeg -re -i /path/to/video.mp4 -f flv 'rtmps://HOST/APP/STREAM_KEY' - Check the output for connection or input errors, then check YouTube’s live preview and stream health.
- Detach without stopping the session: press
Ctrl-B, thenD(the common tmux detach sequence). - Reattach later: reconnect over SSH and run
tmux attach -t ytstream.
The command is a template, not a tested command for every FFmpeg build or YouTube stream configuration. FFmpeg documents the underlying pattern as ffmpeg -re -i myfile -f flv rtmp://myserver/live/mystream; use the selected YouTube endpoint and check that your installed build accepts it.
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Choose settings your VPS can sustain
YouTube’s current encoder guidance supports RTMP/RTMPS, H.264, H.265, or AV1 video, up to 60 fps, CBR, AAC or MP3 audio, and a recommended two-second keyframe interval that should not exceed four seconds. The bitrate values below are YouTube’s H.264 recommendations, accessed on October 3, 2026; they are not guarantees that a particular VPS or network path can sustain them.
| H.264 output | YouTube recommended bitrate | Practical consideration |
|---|---|---|
| 1080p at 30 fps | 10 Mbps | Confirm the VPS can maintain this upload rate continuously, with room for audio and network overhead. |
| 720p at 60 fps | 8 Mbps | Confirm sustained capacity rather than relying on a brief speed test. |
Test with audio and movement similar to the intended broadcast, check upload bitrate, and monitor stream health. If the network cannot sustain the desired rate, choose a lower resolution or bitrate and test again before the event.
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Keep the session manageable—and understand its limits
tmux lets you detach from the SSH terminal and reattach to the named session later. It does not supervise FFmpeg or automatically restart it if FFmpeg exits, the VPS reboots, or connectivity fails. If you need automatic recovery, choose and test a separate supervisor or restart policy for your input, FFmpeg version, and server; there is no universal retry command established for every setup.
For streams under 12 hours, YouTube says the stream is automatically archived after the encoder stops sending. Do not assume the same archive outcome for a stream longer than 12 hours; monitor it and verify the archive behavior for your broadcast.
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Troubleshooting common failures
- FFmpeg cannot connect: check that you copied the URL for the selected stream, included the correct key, selected RTMPS if that is the intended endpoint, and that the installed FFmpeg build supports RTMPS.
- YouTube does not show a healthy preview: inspect FFmpeg’s output, confirm that the stream is sending, and check YouTube’s preview and stream-health indicators. Run a test before the actual broadcast.
- The stream buffers or drops: verify sustained VPS upload capacity against the selected bitrate. Lower the output demands if the network cannot maintain the rate.
- The SSH connection closes: reconnect and attach with
tmux attach -t ytstream. If FFmpeg has exited, tmux will not restart it; inspect the session and process output, then decide whether to restart or use a separately configured supervisor. - The stream key may have leaked: reset it in YouTube’s stream settings and update the FFmpeg endpoint with the replacement key.
Or let it run in the cloud
If you do not want to maintain a VPS, FFmpeg process, tmux session, and recovery setup, StreamNeo is a cloud service for keeping a YouTube channel live from uploaded videos. Upload a recording or build a playlist, add your YouTube stream key, and go live. Nothing has to stay on at home; it streams the uploaded video as made, up to 4K 60fps, at one price per slot, and it automatically recovers if YouTube drops the stream. The first day is free with no card. Monthly pricing is $9.99 per month. UPI and cards are available in India; card checkout is available worldwide. Start your free first day with StreamNeo.
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