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To loop an ocean video indefinitely while sending it to YouTube Live, put FFmpeg’s -stream_loop -1 option before the input’s -i option. Read the file at its natural rate with -re, then encode and send it using the ingestion URL and stream key from YouTube Live Control Room. The command below is a starting point, not a tested universal configuration; match its output settings to your video, connection and YouTube’s current guidance.
Prepare the video and stream credentials
- Check that the ocean video plays correctly and decide whether its existing audio is what you want on the stream. Looping a video does not add an audio track if the file has none.
- In YouTube Live Control Room, select or create the stream and copy its ingestion URL and stream key. Use the values YouTube provides for that stream and keep the key private; anyone with it may be able to broadcast to your channel.
- Install FFmpeg and confirm that your build includes the encoder you plan to use. This example uses
libx264for H.264 video.
Loop the input and send it to YouTube
For a typical RTMP-family broadcast, YouTube recommends RTMPS. Replace the final URL with the RTMPS ingestion URL and key shown in Live Control Room. Keep the URL quoted, particularly if it contains special characters.
ffmpeg -re -stream_loop -1 -i ocean.mp4
-c:v libx264 -preset veryfast -b:v 4500k -maxrate 4500k -bufsize 9000k
-g 60 -c:a aac -b:a 128k -ar 44100
-f flv 'rtmps://YOUR_INGESTION_URL/YOUR_STREAM_KEY'
This is an illustrative command, not a guarantee that these values fit your source or network. In particular, choose the video bitrate for the output resolution, frame rate and reliable upload capacity, using YouTube’s current recommendations. If the source has no audio stream, the audio options here do not create sound; add an audio source or adjust the command for a video-only output as appropriate.
Why the option order matters
-stream_loop is an input option: it controls repetitions of the input that follows it. Set it to -1 for indefinite repetition, and place it before the relevant -i. Likewise, -re belongs before the input so FFmpeg reads it at its native rate for live-style output. FFmpeg also has a video-loop filter, but that is a different mechanism and is not a substitute for placing this input option correctly. See the FFmpeg documentation.
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Choose the keyframe interval for the frame rate
The example’s -g 60 sets a GOP interval of 60 frames. That is two seconds at 30 fps, but four seconds at 15 fps and one second at 60 fps. Set the value to approximately twice the frame rate for a two-second interval; do not copy 60 as a universal setting. YouTube recommends a two-second keyframe interval and says it should not exceed four seconds.
Match YouTube’s encoder guidance
YouTube’s current RTMP/RTMPS encoder guidance lists H.264, H.265/HEVC and AV1 video, frame rates up to 60 fps, constant bitrate (CBR), and AAC or MP3 audio. Use a codec supported by your FFmpeg build and the selected YouTube protocol. The example’s H.264 and AAC choices are common options, not the only supported ones. Check YouTube’s live encoder settings for its current bitrate ranges by resolution and frame rate; those recommendations can change.
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- Video bitrate: Set a bitrate appropriate for your output dimensions and frame rate, then verify that your upload connection can sustain it reliably. The example’s 4,500 kbps is illustrative, not a universal YouTube recommendation.
- CBR: YouTube recommends constant bitrate for RTMP/RTMPS. The example sets a target and maximum rate, but you should verify the behavior of your encoder and build rather than assuming a command has been tested.
- Keyframes: Aim for a two-second interval and stay at or below four seconds. Calculate the GOP in frames from your actual frame rate.
- Audio: YouTube’s advanced guidance recommends 44.1 kHz for stereo and 128 kbps stereo audio. The example uses those values with AAC; confirm the input has the intended audio.
RTMPS or HLS?
RTMPS is the straightforward choice for an ordinary looped-video stream using RTMP-family ingestion. YouTube also supports HLS ingestion, but it requires the HLS protocol setup, an HTTPS destination URL and the corresponding HLS stream key; do not reuse an RTMP URL or key. YouTube notes that HLS has higher latency because it transmits video in segments. Follow the separate HLS ingestion instructions if your protocol or codec needs call for it.
Test before making the stream public
- Start a private or unlisted test stream in YouTube Live Control Room, then run FFmpeg with the intended video and audio.
- Use a test segment with movement and audio similar to the actual broadcast. YouTube recommends representative testing rather than relying on a static or silent check.
- Check the preview, audio, stream health indicators and any messages in Live Control Room. Confirm that the upload connection has enough capacity for the configured bitrate.
- Verify that the file repeats as expected before switching to a public event. A repeatable input is not proof that the whole broadcast will remain uninterrupted for an extended period.
For YouTube’s test guidance, see Test your live stream.
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Troubleshoot common problems
The video ends instead of looping
Check that -stream_loop -1 appears before the correct -i and applies to the ocean-video input. Input options affect the input that follows them; placing the option after the input will not configure that input as intended.
YouTube reports a configuration problem
Compare the output codec, bitrate mode, frame rate, keyframe interval, audio codec and ingestion protocol with YouTube’s current settings guidance. Confirm that the stream URL and key match the selected protocol and stream in Live Control Room.
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The stream stutters or drops
Check actual upload capacity and YouTube’s stream-health messages. If the connection cannot sustain the output, reduce the bitrate or resolution and test again. Neither the cited FFmpeg options nor YouTube’s encoder guidance guarantees an uninterrupted stream on a particular network.
The repeat has a visible or audible seam
The seam is determined by the source file and its edit; repeating it does not make the ending blend into the beginning. Edit the media or add an appropriate transition or audio crossfade if you need a seamless loop.
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The stream stops after a longer run
-stream_loop -1 handles repeated input playback, not process supervision, power reliability or automatic recovery from every failure. The FFmpeg and YouTube settings described here do not establish 24/7 uptime. If you need long-running operation, separately plan how the process and connection will be monitored and restarted.
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