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Find the process that sends video to YouTube
NGINX RTMP may receive a feed and relay it, or FFmpeg may publish directly. Identify which process owns the outgoing connection to YouTube before changing configuration. Note the process and its command while connected, but do not expose the stream key when recording or sharing that information.
- FFmpeg was started in your SSH shell: the publisher is tied to the login environment. Move it into a systemd service for a server-owned, persistent publisher.
- NGINX RTMP pushes the stream: check the NGINX service state and logs. If NGINX is running as a system service, the SSH session ending does not by itself explain why the relay stopped.
- The process remains active but YouTube ends the stream: investigate ingest health separately. A live process does not prove that it is sending valid, continuous video.
Run an SSH-launched FFmpeg publisher with systemd
For a long-running publisher on Ubuntu, create a system service that runs FFmpeg directly. The example below is schematic: replace the bracketed portion with the real input and encoding options, and replace the destination with the correct YouTube ingest URL. It is not a working command until those details are supplied.
[Unit]
Description=YouTube RTMP publisher
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=simple
User=streamer
WorkingDirectory=/srv/stream
ExecStart=/usr/bin/ffmpeg [your input and encoding options] -f flv [your YouTube ingest URL]
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.targetSet the service account, paths, and secret safely
Use the actual FFmpeg executable path, an account intended to run the publisher, and a working directory that exists. Use absolute paths for inputs and make sure the service account can read them. Keep the stream key in private configuration with access restricted to that account; do not place it in a world-readable unit file, source control, or public logs. A restricted environment file or a systemd credential mechanism may be appropriate depending on the Ubuntu and systemd versions installed.
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Load and start the service
- Save the unit as
/etc/systemd/system/youtube-publisher.service. - Tell systemd to reload unit definitions:
sudo systemctl daemon-reload. - Enable it at boot and start it now:
sudo systemctl enable --now youtube-publisher.service. - Check its state:
sudo systemctl status youtube-publisher.service. - Read recent service output and errors:
sudo journalctl -u youtube-publisher.service.
Ubuntu’s Jammy systemd service manual recommends Restart=on-failure for long-running services. It asks systemd to try recovery after a failure; an intentional systemctl stop does not trigger a restart. Systemd also enforces start-rate limits, so repeated failures call for diagnosis rather than an endless restart loop. See the Ubuntu systemd.service manual.
If NGINX RTMP itself pushes the stream
- Check whether NGINX is running:
sudo systemctl status nginx. - Inspect its service logs:
sudo journalctl -u nginx. - Validate the configuration before reloading:
sudo nginx -t. - If validation succeeds, reload NGINX using the service procedure for your installation; if it fails, correct the reported configuration error first.
The NGINX RTMP module is third-party in NGINX Open Source builds. Do not assume package directions for NGINX Plus apply to an Ubuntu Open Source installation. The cited NGINX package procedure is specifically for NGINX Plus; see NGINX’s RTMP module documentation and the upstream RTMP module.
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Check the YouTube ingest if the service stays active
RTMP is a transport protocol, not a process manager. FFmpeg’s protocol documentation describes RTMP URL components and shows FLV as an output format; check the actual input, encoder options, destination, and stream key used by your publisher. The cited FFmpeg manual is for Ubuntu Noble, so verify behavior against the installed FFmpeg version: FFmpeg protocol documentation.
If using RTMPS, use the endpoint shown in YouTube Live Control Room and confirm that your encoder supports it. YouTube describes RTMPS as RTMP over TLS/SSL; switching from RTMP to RTMPS does not solve a process-lifetime problem. See YouTube’s live-streaming instructions.
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Troubleshoot a stream that ends after logout
- Before disconnecting: record which process publishes to YouTube and how it was started. Redact the stream key.
- After reconnecting: check whether the process still exists. If it disappeared, determine whether it was launched from the shell, a service failed, or the process exited on its own.
- Inspect the service: run
systemctl status <unit>andjournalctl -u <unit>. Look for the exit status and recent error messages; distinguish a failure from an intentional stop. - Check access and paths: confirm the service account can read the input and that input, executable, and working-directory paths are correct.
- Check the private ingest settings: verify the URL and stream key against YouTube Live Control Room. Do not paste the key into public logs or support posts.
- Check media and network health: inspect FFmpeg or NGINX output, YouTube Live Control Room health, outbound network access, and whether the input produces data continuously.
- If NGINX is involved: run
nginx -tand inspect NGINX logs before changing relay directives.
Choose systemd or a detached terminal session
| Approach | Best fit | Lifecycle and recovery | Operator access |
|---|---|---|---|
| systemd service | A server-owned publisher that should run independently of an SSH login. | Can start at boot and apply a configured failure-restart policy; inspect status and logs through systemd. | No need to attach to an interactive shell for routine operation. |
| tmux or another terminal multiplexer | An operator-managed session where detaching and later reattaching is useful. | Detaching a terminal session is not the same as configuring a service lifecycle or failure-restart policy. | Useful when an operator wants to reconnect to the session. |
This is an operational distinction, not a claim about a specific tmux release. For a persistent server publisher, systemd is the practical default because it provides service management and configurable restart behavior.
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