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AWS MediaLive

How to Send an FFmpeg RTMP Stream to AWS MediaLive

Create a MediaLive RTMP Push input, publish FFmpeg to its generated endpoint, attach it to a channel, and choose a downstream destination separately.

By DocumentaryTube Team 4 min read
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To send FFmpeg video into AWS’s documented RTMP workflow, create an RTMP Push input in AWS Elemental MediaLive, publish from FFmpeg to the endpoint and application/stream path MediaLive generates, attach that input to a MediaLive channel, and make sure the source is already pushing when you start the channel. MediaPackage is a possible destination after MediaLive processes the input; it is not the RTMP ingest endpoint.

Choose whether FFmpeg pushes or MediaLive pulls

MediaLive supports both RTMP Push and RTMP Pull inputs. With Push, the FFmpeg sender publishes to an endpoint provided by MediaLive. With Pull, MediaLive retrieves a stream from an external RTMP endpoint. Choose based on which system can initiate the connection and where the RTMP server or sender is reachable. See AWS’s input types, protocols, and upstream systems documentation.

Create and configure the MediaLive input

For a sender publishing to MediaLive

  1. In the MediaLive console, create an RTMP Push input. The detailed AWS procedure cited here is for an RTMP VPC push input, so its networking and endpoint details apply specifically to that configuration.

  2. For a VPC input, configure the VPC networking and MediaLive role, then select the input class and provide the application name and application instance. The application instance is also called the stream or stream key in the procedure. MediaLive generates the endpoint addresses; the documented VPC example uses port 1935. Use the full endpoint and application/stream path generated for your input rather than substituting a generic RTMP URL.

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  3. Check network reachability before configuring FFmpeg. The cited VPC procedure creates private subnet addresses; a sender outside that VPC cannot be assumed to reach them. Choose a network arrangement in which the sender can access the generated endpoint.

  4. A standard-class VPC input has two endpoints, and AWS says the upstream system must push to both. A single-class VPC input uses the first endpoint. Configure the sender accordingly.

Follow AWS’s RTMP input creation procedure for the selected network mode and input class. Endpoint generation and required network access depend on that choice.

For MediaLive to retrieve an existing stream

Create an RTMP Pull input and configure it to retrieve the external RTMP source. This reverses the connection direction: FFmpeg publishes to the external RTMP server, and MediaLive pulls from that server. AWS documents both Push and Pull input types, but the VPC Push endpoint procedure above should not be treated as instructions for a Pull input.

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Attach the input and set up the channel

  1. Create or open a MediaLive channel and attach the RTMP input. AWS documents input attachment separately in its input attachment procedure.

  2. Configure the channel’s processing and output for the intended downstream destination. In this workflow, FFmpeg provides the live source; MediaLive ingests and processes it; the channel output then goes to a supported destination.

  3. Use H.264 (AVC) video and AAC audio for the documented RTMP input codecs. AWS states that RTMPS input is unsupported. Confirm current input requirements in the MediaLive supported-codecs-by-input-type documentation before deployment.

Publish from FFmpeg and start in the right order

Configure FFmpeg to publish to the generated MediaLive endpoint with the matching application and stream path. AWS’s cited documentation describes the MediaLive input setup and endpoint behavior but does not provide an FFmpeg command, so the exact command depends on your FFmpeg build, input source, and the endpoint format shown for your input. Do not copy an unrelated generic RTMP command and assume it matches a private VPC endpoint or your generated stream path.

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  1. Start FFmpeg and confirm it is publishing to the correct endpoint. For a standard-class VPC input, publish to both generated endpoints as AWS specifies.

  2. Start the MediaLive channel only after the push source is active. AWS says a push source must be pushing when the channel starts. When the channel is stopped, MediaLive does not respond to the RTMP handshake, so the sender pauses.

  3. Check the input and channel status in MediaLive, then verify the configured downstream destination receives the processed output.

Choose a downstream destination separately

RTMP ingest and downstream delivery are different stages. MediaLive can send channel output to an RTMP server or to a MediaPackage channel. AWS’s workflow-wizard example also describes MediaPackage delivery onward to CloudFront; that is one possible distribution route, not a requirement for every RTMP input. Review the documented containers, protocols, and downstream systems and workflow wizard overview when selecting an output path.

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Troubleshoot common connection and startup problems

  • FFmpeg cannot connect: verify that the endpoint is the one generated for this input, that the application and stream path match, and that the sender can reach the address. A private VPC endpoint requires suitable network reachability; it is not automatically a public endpoint.

  • A standard-class input is not receiving as expected: check that the upstream sender is publishing to both generated endpoints, not just one.

  • The channel fails to receive a push source at startup: start FFmpeg first, then start the MediaLive channel. A stopped channel does not respond to the RTMP handshake.

  • The ingest protocol or media is incompatible: use RTMP rather than RTMPS for this documented input, and verify H.264 video with AAC audio.

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  • The stream arrives but does not reach the intended audience: inspect the channel’s output destination separately from the input. MediaPackage is downstream packaging, not the source’s RTMP endpoint.

Or let it run in the cloud

If your goal is a continuous YouTube stream from uploaded documentary footage rather than ingesting a live FFmpeg source into AWS, StreamNeo is a different, simpler workflow: upload a recording or build a playlist, add your YouTube stream key once, and go live. StreamNeo loops uploaded videos from the cloud; it does not take a live camera feed or publish to AWS MediaLive.

Start your free StreamNeo day.

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