The Ukraine War Archive documentary Children. How Russia Teaches to Fight examines reported Russian efforts to shape the identity of Ukrainian children in temporarily occupied territories and prepare them for military service. UNITED24 Media reported that the film premiered on the Archive’s YouTube channel on October 6, 2026. Its coverage describes military-oriented lessons in schools, youth organizations, and Russian historical narratives as part of that effort.
What does the documentary report?
According to UNITED24 Media’s coverage of the film, children in occupied Ukrainian territory encounter military-oriented instruction through schools and youth programs. The reported activities include shooting, drone operation, and weapons handling, alongside lessons presenting Russian historical narratives. The coverage describes these as connected parts of an effort to influence children’s identity and prepare them for military service.
Mariia Sulialina, a Ukrainian human-rights activist and head of the Almenda Center for Civic Education, characterizes the intent this way in the film coverage: “Everything Russia is trying to do is to turn our fellow citizens, our children, into Russian soldiers who will later fight against their own country.” This is Sulialina’s assessment, not a court finding.
The press release cited by UNITED24 Media gives a figure of approximately 1.6 million children under 18. The opened coverage does not explain how that estimate was produced, so it should be understood as a figure attributed to the release, not an independently verified count of children currently in Russian custody.
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How do schools, youth programs, and camps fit together?
The evidence describes several related settings, but they should not be treated as one experience shared by every child. Some children live under occupation and attend Russian-run schools; some are sent to camps in Russia or occupied Crimea; and some are transferred or deported across borders. The sources document overlap between these settings, but their figures do not measure a single common population.
School and youth-group activities
The film coverage describes military instruction in schools and the role of youth organizations in promoting militaristic ideas. A separate investigation by The Kyiv Independent reports that the Warrior Center’s summer “Time of Young Heroes” program stated that it aimed to prepare young people for service in the Russian Armed Forces. It says programs run through the center sent 1,290 children from occupied Ukrainian regions in 2024. That figure concerns this organization’s programs in that year, not all children receiving military instruction.
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A Ukrainian military instructor who reviewed program materials told the investigation that some exercises resembled standard military preparation. That is the reviewer’s characterization of the materials, not a finding that every participant received the same training.
One teenager’s account of Avangard
The Kyiv Independent reports the case of Oksana, a pseudonym. She was 14 when her village was occupied and 16 when she was sent to Russia. According to her account, she was told she would have a holiday in Crimea, then taken to Avangard, where she spent three weeks in military training. She described instruction in tactics, first aid, communications, mines and demining, grenades, trenches, and drone operation.
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The investigation also reports that Oksana’s family faced threats connected with school attendance and Russian passport requirements. Her testimony illustrates one reported experience; it does not establish what happened to every child sent to a camp or living under occupation.
What do investigations and interviews establish?
Different sources count different things: facilities identified through mapping, experiences reported by interviewed children, and details in an individual investigation. Their numbers are useful evidence of documented patterns, but they cannot be combined into a single estimate of how many children were affected.
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| Evidence | What was counted or reported | How to interpret it |
|---|---|---|
| Yale School of Public Health Humanitarian Research Lab, 2025 | At least 210 facilities in Russia and temporarily occupied Ukrainian territory where children from Ukraine had been taken since February 2022. The study found re-education at 62.9% of identified facilities and militarization at at least 18%. | The percentages refer to facilities identified by the study, not proportions of children. Yale’s summary says the study does not establish the current number of children in Russian custody. |
| War Child UK, Save Ukraine, and the Human Security Centre, 2025 | In-depth interviews with 200 children who had returned, conducted between March 2023 and July 2025. Of those interviewed, 55% reported pro-Russian indoctrination; 41% reported militarization through school-based training or organizational membership; 39% described unlawful transfers or deportations to Russia, Crimea, or Belarus; and 30% cited placement in camps where further indoctrination or military training was provided. | These percentages describe the experiences reported by this 200-child interview cohort. They are not population-wide prevalence estimates. |
| The Kyiv Independent, 2025 | Its investigation reports that the Warrior Center’s 2024 programs sent 1,290 children from occupied Ukrainian regions; it also details Oksana’s account of training at Avangard. | The program total concerns one organization’s reported activity in 2024. Oksana’s account is an individual testimony. |
Read together, the sources support a picture of multiple channels—schooling, youth organizations, camps, and transfers—rather than one uniform program. The Yale facility mapping, the interview cohort, and the investigation of an individual case have different units of analysis, time periods, and methods.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What is the legal significance?
An OSCE Moscow Mechanism expert report addresses the militarization and indoctrination of Ukrainian children. A summary published by the Mission of the President of Ukraine in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea says the report describes youth organizations, cadet classes, camps, and school courses that include weapons training and militaristic ideology. The summary says the experts concluded that the conduct may amount to crimes against humanity.
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That is an expert assessment as relayed in a Ukrainian government summary, not a court judgment establishing criminal responsibility. The summary gives a publication day of July 9 but does not state the year, so the date should not be made more specific on the basis of that summary alone.
What the reporting does—and does not—show
- It documents multiple forms of militarization. Reported examples range from school and youth-group instruction to military training described by a teenager sent to Avangard.
- It distinguishes a documented pattern from a universal experience. Facility mapping and interviews show reported activity across many settings, but they do not prove that all children in occupied territory receive military training.
- It does not provide one combined count. Facility totals, interview percentages, an organizational program figure, and an attributed estimate of children under 18 have different definitions and denominators.
The documentary’s account is therefore best read alongside the underlying distinctions in the reporting: who was studied, where an activity took place, and whether a figure refers to a child, a facility, or a particular organization’s program.
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