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If you are worried that someone close to you may be moving toward extremist violence, focus on what they have actually said or done, not on a label. If it feels safe, talk calmly, note specific observations and seek advice early. A sign is not proof of radicalization, and if anyone is in immediate danger in the UK, call 999.
This guidance reflects UK public advice available in October 2026. The response routes described here are UK-specific; some professional safeguarding procedures are specific to England. Local arrangements differ, so families elsewhere should use the relevant local services and guidance.
What signs can families notice—and what can they tell you?
The Home Office says: “Everyone is different, and there is no checklist that can tell us if someone is being radicalised or becoming involved in terrorism.” A change may warrant a conversation or advice, but it cannot establish what is happening on its own. The person’s circumstances, words, actions and the pattern over time matter.
Home Office public guidance names possible indicators such as:
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- Viewing or sharing extremist material online.
- Justifying violence as a way to address problems in society.
- Changes in appearance associated with an extremist group.
- Rejecting contact with people seen as different.
- Using symbols associated with terrorist organisations.
These are examples to help someone notice a concern, not a diagnostic checklist. A single item—or a person’s religion, ethnicity or political opinion—is not proof of radicalization. England’s education safeguarding guidance likewise warns that not every concerning view or behaviour indicates susceptibility to radicalization; professional judgment should take context into account.
Look for the context around a change
Instead of deciding what a behaviour “means,” describe it plainly. What did the person say or do? When did it happen, and what was going on at the time? Is it a change from their usual behaviour, or part of a continuing pattern? Is there a specific safety concern? These questions help separate an observation from an interpretation and make it easier to explain the concern to an adviser.
Do not try to prove a particular ideology before asking for help. The Home Office’s February 2026 Prevent principles say specialist police officers use the Prevent Assessment Framework (PAF) when assessing whether a referral should progress, and no single factor is mandated for progression. Public advice is intended to help people raise a concern, not to make families conduct that assessment themselves.
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What should I do first if I’m worried about a family member?
- Write down what you observed. Record specific words or actions, dates, circumstances and any immediate safety issue. Keep facts separate from conclusions. For example, note the material or statement that concerned you and when you encountered it rather than writing only that the person “is radicalised.” Accurate information and context help an adviser understand what prompted your concern.
- Consider whether speaking is safe and appropriate. If you feel comfortable, choose a calm moment and describe what you noticed without accusing the person or demanding that they explain a label. Ask open questions and listen to their account. England’s education guidance recommends understanding a learner’s experiences and context rather than bluntly asking whether they are being radicalised; the same principle can make a family conversation less confrontational.
- Expect that the conversation may be difficult. Home Office guidance notes that someone may initially become angry or defensive. Do not force a conversation if you think it could increase risk, or if you do not feel safe. You can ask another trusted family member or friend whether they have noticed relevant changes, then seek advice rather than trying to investigate on your own.
- Ask for expert advice early. ACT Early is the public-facing route named by the Home Office for people concerned about someone they know. The Home Office factsheet dated August 2026 also lists the national police Prevent advice line, 0800 011 3764. Contact details can change; check the current official Home Office advice before relying on a number. The public guidance says information shared through its advice route is confidential.
You do not need to be certain that someone is being radicalised to ask for advice. Explain what you have observed, what makes it concerning and whether there is any immediate danger. An adviser can help you think through an appropriate next step; a family member’s role is not to investigate, diagnose or decide whether a formal referral should progress.
Which route fits the situation?
Urgency and purpose determine where to turn. Emergency services deal with immediate danger; the public advice route helps families discuss a non-immediate concern; and people with professional safeguarding duties must follow their own local procedures.
| Situation or role | Route | Purpose and scope |
|---|---|---|
| Immediate danger in the UK | Call 999 | Emergency response. Do not wait for an advice appointment or a safeguarding assessment when someone is in immediate danger. |
| A family member or other member of the public with a non-immediate concern | ACT Early; the August 2026 Home Office factsheet also lists the police Prevent advice line at 0800 011 3764 | Seek advice about observations and possible next steps. Verify current contact details through official guidance. |
| A child or learner in an education setting in England | Contact the setting’s designated safeguarding lead or follow its safeguarding process | Assessment and support under England’s education safeguarding guidance. This is a professional pathway, not a replacement for local advice to families. |
| A concern better addressed as a different welfare or safety issue | Use the relevant local safeguarding, health, social-care or emergency route | Prevent is not the right route for every concern, including some matters involving general criminality, violence unrelated to terrorism, mental-health needs, abuse or exploitation. |
These routes serve different purposes; one does not replace the others. If the concern is not an emergency, an adviser or safeguarding professional can help determine whether Prevent, another service or no further action is appropriate. Families should not assume that procedures are identical across the UK.
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What happens after a Prevent concern is raised?
A Prevent referral is a safeguarding route for concerns about susceptibility to radicalization or risk of involvement in terrorism. It is not automatically a criminal accusation, and a referral does not guarantee that the person will be accepted for Channel support or that any single outcome will follow.
- Initial review: Home Office public guidance says local police review referrals first, including for an immediate security threat and whether the concern indicates genuine risk.
- Assessment and onward consideration: If a case is considered relevant, it may be considered by a panel of local experts. Specialist police officers use the PAF to assess whether a referral should progress; no single factor is required for progression under the Home Office’s February 2026 principles.
- Possible support or another outcome: A person assessed as at risk may be invited to participate in Channel. A case may instead lead to another service, no further Prevent action or a different safeguarding response. A referral itself therefore does not determine either the person’s risk or the support they will receive.
Channel is voluntary and consent-based
The August 2026 Home Office factsheet describes Channel as voluntary and consent-based. Its tailored support may include mentoring, theological guidance, education or careers assistance. Home Office public guidance also gives examples such as counselling or mental-health support and online safety training for parents. The purpose is support tailored to the person’s needs, not a single standard intervention.
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Channel panels operate in England and Wales. Scotland uses the name Prevent Multi-Agency Panel (PMAP). Do not assume that a process or panel name applies throughout the UK; seek current guidance for the relevant nation and locality. The fact that a concern is raised does not mean Channel participation will follow.
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What if the person is a child or learner in England?
For education settings in England, Department for Education safeguarding guidance updated on 2 October 2026 describes a professional decision-making process for designated safeguarding leads (DSLs). A family can share a concern with the setting, but the DSL’s duties and process are not a substitute for the family’s own advice route or for emergency services.
The guidance expects the DSL to consider the concern in context, gather and record relevant information, and review it. Depending on what is appropriate, the DSL may speak with the learner or their parent or carer, consider vulnerabilities and protective factors, and seek advice. Possible responses include:
- No further action.
- Monitoring and review.
- Support within the education setting.
- Early help or multi-agency support.
- A Prevent referral.
- Immediate safeguarding or police intervention where needed.
The setting should record the concern, information gathered, discussions, advice, actions and the reason for its decision—including the rationale if it decides not to refer. After a referral, the referrer retains safeguarding responsibilities and should continue to monitor the situation and share relevant new concerns. The guidance says not to delay a Prevent referral to gather proof when a concern indicates susceptibility or risk; that instruction is for practitioners, not a requirement for families to establish proof before seeking advice.
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When might another kind of support be more appropriate?
Not every worrying behaviour is a Prevent matter. England’s education guidance says other routes may be more appropriate for general criminality, violence unrelated to terrorism, mental-health needs, or abuse and exploitation concerns. These problems may still require prompt attention, but they call for the relevant welfare, safeguarding, health, social-care, criminal-justice or multi-agency response.
When explaining a concern, state the issue you can identify rather than trying to make it fit a particular label. If there is a risk of immediate harm, use emergency services. Otherwise, seek advice from the service suited to the concern, or ask an adviser which route fits. Getting advice does not commit a family to a particular outcome.
How to make the next conversation or call more useful
A brief, factual account is easier for another person to assess than a conclusion about someone’s motives. Before speaking to ACT Early or a safeguarding professional, it may help to organize:
- The specific words, actions or material that raised concern, and when they occurred.
- The context you know, including whether this appears to be a change or a pattern.
- Any immediate safety issue that needs urgent attention.
- What you have already tried, such as a conversation or contact with a relevant professional, if any.
- What support or advice you are seeking now.
Share what you know, distinguish it from what you suspect, and say when you are unsure. Do not put yourself or another person at risk to collect more information. A family member can ask for guidance without deciding the case, and professionals can assess whether Prevent or another route is suitable.
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The public guidance summarized here comes from the Home Office’s “Get help for radicalisation concerns” guidance, last updated 28 August 2026; its Prevent factsheet dated August 2026; and its Prevent principles published 23 February 2026. The education safeguarding process is from Department for Education guidance updated 2 October 2026. The Department for Education’s referral guide was last updated 7 September 2023; where procedural wording differs, the newer safeguarding guidance is the more current source.
The dates above identify the versions reflected here, not a guarantee that local contact details or arrangements remain unchanged. Check current official guidance for the relevant UK nation and locality, particularly before using a phone number or relying on a professional procedure.
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