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G20@20 Review: What It Found and What It Recommends

The 2025 G20@20 Review assesses the forum’s first full cycle of leaders’ summits and recommends more focused priorities, stronger continuity and better follow-through.
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The G20@20 Review is a 2025 South African Presidency-led assessment of the G20’s first full cycle of leaders’ summits, from its elevation to leaders’ level in 2008 through the 2024 Rio de Janeiro summit. It argues that the forum remains important for international economic cooperation, but that a crowded agenda, geopolitical tensions and weak continuity between presidencies have made it harder to deliver. Its central prescription is to focus on fewer priorities, coordinate work more effectively and track commitments more consistently as the G20 enters its next cycle in 2026.

What is the G20@20 Review?

The G20@20 Review is an institutional review commissioned after the 2024 Rio de Janeiro Leaders’ Summit. It looks back at the G20’s first full cycle at leaders’ level and offers recommendations for the cycle beginning in 2026. The final report runs 174 pages, including annexes. It is not a review of a single summit or a consumer product; it assesses the forum’s purpose, working methods and record across successive presidencies.

The South African G20 Presidency produced the report with support from the OECD, the South African Institute for International Affairs and the University of Toronto G20 Research Group. Its recommendations are proposals for members to consider, not decisions adopted by the G20. The report says they do not necessarily represent the views of the Presidency or its knowledge partners.

How did the review gather evidence?

The review drew on an electronic survey, Sherpa-level discussions, written contributions and an independent Advisory Panel. The survey ran from May 9 to June 16, 2025, and received responses from 20 of the 21 G20 members and seven of nine guest countries.

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In that survey, eight in ten member respondents considered the G20 to have strengthened multilateralism and international cooperation since it moved to leaders’ level. This is a finding about the respondents, not a universal measure of the G20’s impact or proof that every member shares the view.

What did the review say the G20 does well?

The report describes the G20 as the premier forum for international economic cooperation, with a mandate centered on strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth. It views the forum’s informal, leader-led and consensus-based design as an advantage: leaders can respond to shared problems without the machinery of a permanent secretariat. As the report puts it, “The G20’s Leader-led character lies at the heart of its agility and credibility.”

In the review’s assessment, the G20 has been most effective during crises and on core financial and macroeconomic issues. The same informality that can make it adaptable, however, also leaves continuity and follow-through dependent on cooperation among successive presidencies and members.

What problems did it identify?

The report presents a mixed self-assessment. Members continue to value the forum, but the review records concerns that its effectiveness has weakened in recent years. It identifies several related pressures:

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  • Geopolitical tensions: disagreements make it harder to reach shared positions.
  • An expanding agenda: too many or overlapping workstreams can dilute attention from priority issues.
  • Limited continuity: annual changes in presidency can disrupt work that needs to continue over several years.
  • Uneven follow-through: commitments need more consistent monitoring and stock-taking.

These are the review’s account of members’ concerns, rather than an independent ranking of the G20’s performance. Its underlying challenge is to preserve the forum’s flexibility while making its work more focused and durable.

What does the review recommend?

The recommendations are aimed at how members set priorities and organize work, rather than at replacing the G20’s basic character.

Concentrate on a smaller number of priorities

Presidencies should identify a limited set of high-priority deliverables instead of allowing the agenda to expand without clear focus. The review recommends retaining flexibility to respond to new global needs, but pairing that flexibility with regular reconsideration of the agenda and working methods.

Make working groups more adaptable

Members should be able to pause, activate or restructure working groups as needs change. This is intended to reduce overlap and align technical work with the priorities leaders have selected.

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Strengthen continuity and coordination

The report calls for a stronger Troika—the current, previous and incoming presidencies—and better coordination between the Sherpa and Finance Tracks. The aim is to help work carry over between annual presidencies and to connect political priorities with economic and financial discussions.

Monitor commitments and improve access to documents

The review recommends taking regular stock of commitments, using concise leaders’ declarations and creating a centralized repository of final documents. These measures would make it easier to see what members have agreed and to follow work beyond the summit where an agreement was announced.

Keep engagement broad but better aligned

The G20 should continue engaging international organizations and guest countries, while aligning engagement groups more closely with each presidency’s priorities. The review treats inclusion as important, but argues that engagement should connect more clearly to the work leaders intend to advance.

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What trade-offs does the review leave for members?

The report does not present streamlining as a cost-free fix. Its recommendations sit between competing needs that members would have to manage:

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Tension What is at stake
Breadth versus depth A broad agenda can include more global concerns; fewer priorities may allow members to work through them in greater depth.
Informality versus continuity An informal forum can remain flexible, but work may be harder to sustain when presidencies change each year.
Agility versus inclusiveness Focused decision-making may be quicker, while engagement with a wider range of participants takes coordination.

The review’s approach is to retain the G20’s informal, leader-led model while improving the discipline around priorities, coordination and follow-through. It does not propose turning the forum into a permanent organization with a secretariat.

Were the recommendations adopted?

The recommendations should not be confused with an agreed G20 reform package. The report offers proposals for members to consider; it does not establish that they were adopted unanimously or put into effect.

Later context illustrates why that distinction matters. The Johannesburg summit on November 22–23, 2025, was the first G20 summit held in Africa. The European Council’s account lists the African Union and European Union alongside national members, notes priorities including sustainable growth, development and financing, and records that the United States did not participate and Argentina said it would not join the leaders’ declaration. Those circumstances do not, by themselves, show whether or how the review’s proposals were implemented.

Why does the review matter?

The G20@20 Review offers a way to understand the forum’s central dilemma: its flexibility and leader-level access are valuable, but an expanding agenda and annual handovers can make sustained action difficult. Its proposed response is not to abandon that design, but to make members choose more carefully what they ask the G20 to do—and to improve the coordination and monitoring needed to carry those priorities forward.

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