For a temporary network failure on an FFmpeg RTMP output, wrap the FLV output in FFmpeg’s FIFO muxer and enable attempt_recovery. Set recovery_wait_time to control how long FFmpeg waits between attempts. This can help FFmpeg restore its output connection; it does not guarantee an uninterrupted picture or that YouTube will keep the same live event running.
Configure FIFO recovery for an RTMP output
FFmpeg’s documented network-outage pattern uses the FIFO muxer around an FLV output. Adapt this command to your input, stream mapping, encoder, YouTube ingest URL, and stream key:
ffmpeg -re -i INPUT
-c:v libx264 -c:a aac
-f fifo -fifo_format flv
-drop_pkts_on_overflow 1
-attempt_recovery 1
-recovery_wait_time 1
-map 0:v -map 0:a
rtmp://INGEST_SERVER/live/STREAM_KEY
The example is from the FFmpeg FIFO muxer documentation. Its one-second recovery wait is an example value, not a universal recommendation. Keep your stream key private.
What the options do
-f fifoselects the FIFO muxer, while-fifo_format flvspecifies the format of the output it wraps. FLV is the documented pattern for this RTMP setup.-attempt_recovery 1enables attempts to recover the output after a failure, particularly for network output.-recovery_wait_time 1sets the wait, in seconds, before another attempt after an unsuccessful recovery attempt. Choose an interval suited to your setup and confirm the option is supported by your local FFmpeg build.-drop_pkts_on_overflow 1lets processing continue by dropping packets if the FIFO queue fills. That can omit stream content. Without dropping, the documented default behavior can block the encoder until the muxer processes packets.-map 0:v -map 0:aselects the first input’s video and audio streams. Change the mapping if your input has a different layout or you need different streams.
The FIFO muxer also documents restart_with_keyframe, an option to wait for a keyframe after recovery or queue overflow. Whether it is appropriate depends on your encoding and the receiver; check your local muxer help and test before relying on it.
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Check that you are recovering the output, not the input
First inspect FFmpeg’s logs and identify which side failed. An input ending or failing is a different problem from an RTMP output write or network error. FIFO recovery is for the output path in this setup.
Do not assume the HTTP protocol’s -reconnect options solve a failed RTMP output. Those options are documented for HTTP protocol reconnect behavior, especially when reading HTTP inputs; they do not by themselves recover an RTMP output connection. See the FFmpeg protocol documentation.
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Choose what happens when the FIFO queue fills
The overflow setting is a trade-off, not a way to guarantee seamless playback:
- Drop packets: With
-drop_pkts_on_overflow 1, FFmpeg can keep processing when the queue fills, but some stream content may be omitted. - Allow blocking: Without packet dropping, the documented default can block the encoder until the muxer processes packets. That avoids this particular drop-on-overflow choice but can stall processing while the output is blocked.
Consider how long outages may last and whether a gap or a processing stall is less disruptive for your broadcast. The available FFmpeg documentation does not establish that either choice prevents a viewer-visible interruption.
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Test recovery and check YouTube
- Confirm the FFmpeg binary supports the FIFO options you plan to use. Option availability and behavior can vary by build; consult its local muxer help.
- Verify the output format and destination. For this RTMP pattern, the wrapped output format is FLV.
- Test a controlled network failure and restoration before depending on the configuration for a production stream. Watch FFmpeg’s logs to confirm it attempts recovery and resumes output.
- After recovery, check YouTube Live Control Room. An FFmpeg reconnect does not establish whether YouTube will preserve the same live event or how quickly viewers will resume playback.
Troubleshoot a stream that does not recover
- FFmpeg exits when the network drops: Check whether the error is on the output side and confirm the RTMP output is wrapped in FIFO with
attempt_recoveryenabled. - The input ended or failed: FIFO output recovery cannot restore a missing input. Identify and address the input failure separately.
- Recovery options are rejected: Check the local FFmpeg build’s FIFO muxer help; supported options can vary.
- The encoder stalls during an outage: The FIFO may have filled and blocked processing. Decide whether to enable
drop_pkts_on_overflow, accepting that packets can be omitted. - FFmpeg resumes but YouTube playback does not: Check Live Control Room and the stream’s status. The FFmpeg recovery configuration alone cannot confirm that YouTube kept the event or that viewers will return without interruption.
Or let it run in the cloud
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