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Adil Jussawalla’s “Sea Breeze, Bombay” treats the city as a provisional refuge for people marked by Partition and migration—not as a place where their histories disappear. Its cooling breeze offers physical relief, but the poem ends by insisting that comfort cannot restore lost roots or resolve the past.
Publication context
“Sea Breeze, Bombay” is by Adil Jussawalla and appears in his collection Missing Person, published by Clearing House in 1976; the Google Books contents record lists it on page 39. A University of Calicut library catalogue also lists the poem in The Oxford Anthology of Modern Indian Poetry. Scroll published the poem on 1 January 2017 with Jussawalla’s permission.
Read the poem in Scroll’s authorized publication. For the collection record, see Google Books’ listing for Missing Person; the University of Calicut catalogue records its inclusion in the anthology.
How the poem connects Partition and bodily fracture
The opening makes national division intimate and physical. People are stitched together, shrouds are made from a flag, and the country is cut and re-knotted. These images suggest survival, but not repair: stitching holds things together while leaving the wound visible. The flag, ordinarily a sign of national unity, becomes burial cloth, so the poem places loss inside the symbols meant to represent a shared nation.
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The INFLIBNET teaching chapter reads the poem through Partition, migration and fractured nationalism. That is a useful interpretive frame, rather than proof that every image has only one intended meaning. The poem’s central tension is already present in its acts of making and mending: people may be joined or sheltered, but the history that tore them apart remains.
What Bombay can—and cannot—offer
Jussawalla sketches Bombay through banks, brokering, bays, harbour and port. The movement between commerce and coastline gives the city a layered identity: it is a working, trading place as well as a place where displaced people may arrive. Calling it “surrogate” suggests that Bombay can stand in for a home, at least for a time. But a substitute is not the same as restoration. The city can receive people without recovering what they lost or undoing the events that made them leave.
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The poem then brings in new refugees from Tibet. Their bodily hardship sits against the coastal setting associated with a cooling breeze. The contrast prevents the landscape from becoming a simple image of welcome: a pleasant climate does not mean that arrival has ended suffering.
“Restore us to fire”: a plea without a settled answer
The repeated request “Restore us to fire” interrupts the poem’s coastal coolness. The phrase does not have a single meaning established by the available sources. It can be read as a demand for heat, vitality or intensity; it may also express a wish to return to something lost. In each case, “restore” implies that the speakers feel diminished or severed from a former state. The poem gives the plea force without explaining it away.
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Why the breeze is not a full consolation
At the end, the sea breeze cools the evenings but “investigates nothing.” It does not search out people’s roots, explain their displacement or set them beyond mainland histories. The breeze is real relief at the level of the body, but it has no power to settle political and historical questions. Jussawalla thus resists an easy portrait of Bombay as a welcoming refuge that makes the past irrelevant: shelter and unresolvedness coexist.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Jussawalla’s correction about Sind
The poem’s image of “scissored Sind” needs to be read alongside the poet’s later correction. In an interview conducted in December 2010 and published by Almost Island in 2012, Jussawalla said: “Sind was never scissored, was never partitioned.” He explained that he had assumed Sind was partitioned, and said he might call the image metaphorical while acknowledging that mistaken assumption. The poetic image belongs to the poem; the factual correction belongs to the poet’s later account. Keeping the two distinct makes the image’s force legible without repeating the historical error.
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Read Jussawalla’s Almost Island interview. For a teaching-oriented discussion of the poem’s themes, see INFLIBNET’s literary chapter.
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