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Random freezes, missing sound and display glitches usually trace back to one bad driver. Find and replace yours safely.Free scan · under a minuteRyan Mitchell Kramer, a 25-year-old from Santa Clarita, California, agreed on May 1, 2025, to plead guilty to two federal felonies after prosecutors said he used a malicious AI-art program to compromise a Disney employee’s personal computer, access the employee’s work Slack account and download about 1.1 terabytes of data from thousands of Disney Slack channels. The Justice Department described the supposed “NullBulge” hacktivist identity as fake. Its announcement documented a plea agreement, not a court’s acceptance of a guilty plea or a sentence.
How the attack reached Disney Slack
The Justice Department’s account describes a route through an employee’s personal computer and credentials—not an identified exploit of Disney’s core infrastructure or Slack itself. Prosecutors said Kramer posted a program on online platforms, including GitHub, in early 2024, presenting it as software for generating AI art. The program contained a malicious file that could give him access to computers where it was installed.
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Malicious software was presented as an AI-art tool. Prosecutors said a victim downloaded the file in April or May 2024.
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The victim’s computer and accounts were accessed. According to the Justice Department, Kramer obtained stored credentials and passwords from the personal computer.
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Elebase USB to USB C Adapter for iPhone 18 Pro Max,USBC Car Charger Adapter- Read Before You Buy — No Video Output: These adapters support charging and USB 2.0 data transfer, but cannot transmit video signals. Except for standard USB webcams (which use USB data only), they are not compatible with HDMI/DisplayPort cables, video-capable USB-C hubs, or docking stations with video output.
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Credentials opened a work-related Slack account. Prosecutors said the victim used that account in their work for Disney, and Kramer used it to enter non-public Disney Slack channels.
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Data was downloaded and threats followed. In May 2024, prosecutors said, Kramer downloaded about 1.1 terabytes from thousands of channels. In July, he contacted the victim by email and Discord while claiming to represent NullBulge, threatening to release personal information and Disney data.
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The files were published after no response. The Justice Department said Kramer released Disney files and the victim’s bank, medical and personal information on July 12, 2024.
The government’s description centers on malware, stolen credentials and access through an employee account. It does not establish that Disney’s network was entered by exploiting a Slack vulnerability.
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What data was taken and reported exposed
The Justice Department put the amount downloaded at approximately 1.1 terabytes from thousands of Disney Slack channels. SentinelLabs described the publicly released material as roughly 1.2 TB and said it purported to contain multiple years of internal Slack data. Those are different source descriptions of volume, not a verified count of records or proof that every item in the archive was authentic or complete.
The government specifically identified Disney Slack files and the victim’s bank, medical and personal information. SecurityWeek and Dark Reading additionally reported that the Disney material included messages, information about unreleased projects, login credentials and source code. Those additional categories are media reporting, not a complete official inventory of the exposed files.
Neither the terabyte figure nor the reference to thousands of channels establishes that every Disney channel, employee or system was affected. The full inventory and the completeness and authenticity of the publicly released archive have not been established in the cited accounts.
What “NullBulge” was—and what the identity concealed
NullBulge presented itself as a Russia-based hacktivist group concerned with artists’ rights, AI-generated content and compensation. Prosecutors said Kramer pretended to represent the group when he threatened the employee. The Justice Department called it a fake Russia-based hacktivist group.
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SentinelLabs’ analysis provides a different picture of the wider operation: it described activity involving malware distribution, infostealers and ransomware-related operations, including commodity malware, Async RAT, Xworm and LockBit-derived tooling. It also reported the sale of stolen information, including infostealer logs and OpenAI API keys. That context supports describing NullBulge’s public activism as a persona associated with criminal activity, but it does not make every reported operation part of the Disney incident or establish a judicial finding about the group’s identity or motives.
The distinction matters: this was not simply a case of an established political movement claiming a data leak. Prosecutors say one person adopted a hacktivist identity while threatening an individual and publishing stolen data. SentinelLabs’ broader findings concern other activity attributed to NullBulge.
The plea agreement and possible penalties
On May 1, 2025, the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Central District of California announced that Kramer had agreed to plead guilty to two counts: accessing a computer and obtaining information, and threatening to damage a protected computer. Each count carries a statutory maximum of five years in federal prison, making the combined maximum ten years.
A statutory maximum is not a prediction of the sentence. The eventual outcome depends on the court and applicable sentencing factors. The Justice Department announcement said Kramer was expected to make an initial federal court appearance in the following weeks; the cited materials do not establish a later accepted plea, final judgment or sentence. The matter was investigated by the FBI, and Assistant U.S. Attorneys Lauren Restrepo and Maxwell Coll of the Cyber and Intellectual Property Crimes Section were handling the prosecution.
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Other victims and Disney’s reported response
Kramer admitted that at least two additional victims downloaded his malicious file and that he gained unauthorized access to their computers and accounts. The Justice Department said the victims had not been publicly identified and the FBI investigation was continuing.
Separately, Dark Reading and SecurityWeek reported that Disney stopped using Slack for internal communications after the breach and that the employee who downloaded the tool was terminated. Dark Reading also reported that the former employee filed a wrongful-termination complaint. Those reports concern Disney’s response and a separate employment dispute; they are not terms or findings of Kramer’s federal case.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Security lessons from the attack chain
The incident illustrates how an apparently personal-device compromise can become an organizational data breach when work credentials are available from that device. The Justice Department’s account does not specify Disney’s authentication, endpoint or access-control settings, so the controls below are general lessons rather than claims about what Disney did or did not deploy.
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Separate personal and work access. Organizations can reduce exposure by limiting access from unmanaged devices and applying endpoint protections to devices that reach corporate services.
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Protect credentials and make stolen passwords less useful. Avoid storing work secrets in unprotected files or browser stores; use unique credentials and phishing-resistant multifactor authentication where supported.
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Limit the reach of each account. Least-privilege access, regular permission reviews and controls on historical or sensitive channels can reduce how much one compromised account exposes.
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Look for secrets in collaboration systems. Messages, attachments and repositories can accumulate credentials and other sensitive data. Secret scanning, secure handling and prompt revocation can reduce the impact of accidental exposure.
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Evaluate software provenance, not the promise on its label. An AI-art tool was the reported lure; the case does not show that an AI model or AI service was hacked. Untrusted downloads should not be run on devices holding work credentials.
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A collaboration-platform migration alone would not address the underlying risks of malware on an endpoint, exposed credentials or overly broad access. Effective defenses span device security, identity, permissions and data handling.
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