A Bahia proibiu o uso de pistolas de água e dispositivos semelhantes durante o Carnaval e festas de rua em todo o estado. A proibição está na Lei nº 14.584, sancionada em 2 de junho de 2023; o Decreto nº 22.594, de janeiro de 2024, definiu como a regra deve ser aplicada.
Quando a proibição entrou em vigor?
A Assembleia Legislativa da Bahia registra a proposta como Projeto de Lei nº 24.746/2023, de autoria da deputada Olívia Santana, datado de 24 de fevereiro de 2023 e aprovado em plenário (registro da Assembleia Legislativa). O governador Jerônimo Rodrigues sancionou a Lei nº 14.584 em 2 de junho de 2023. A Secretaria de Políticas para as Mulheres da Bahia (SPM) informa que ela foi publicada no Diário Oficial do Estado em 3 de junho (SPM, 5 de junho de 2023).
Em 29 de janeiro de 2024, o governo editou o Decreto nº 22.594 para regulamentar a lei; o texto foi publicado no Diário Oficial em 30 de janeiro (texto do decreto no Diário Oficial). Portanto, a sanção da lei ocorreu em 2023. A notícia oficial divulgada em janeiro de 2024 trata da regulamentação e da implementação, embora seu título use a palavra “sanciona” (Secretaria de Comunicação Social da Bahia).
Onde a regra se aplica?
A proibição vale em todo o território baiano durante o Carnaval e festas de rua. O decreto define os eventos abrangidos como celebrações e eventos culturais em espaços públicos, além de eventos em locais privados abertos ao público em geral, com entrada gratuita ou paga. A regra trata do uso dos artefatos nesses eventos; não estabelece uma proibição estadual geral de possuir ou comercializar pistolas de água em qualquer contexto.
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O que a lei considera uma pistola de água?
A definição não se limita a brinquedos fabricados em formato de pistola. O decreto inclui artefatos artesanais ou industrializados, acionados manual ou automaticamente, que disparem água ou outros líquidos, assim como dispositivos congêneres. O texto legal descreve: “’pistolas de água’ como todo artefato, artesanal ou não, que acionado por mecanismo manual ou automatizado, dispare água ou outros líquidos”.
Como a proibição deve ser aplicada?
Deveres de blocos e organizadores
Blocos, agremiações e outras organizações devem adotar medidas para impedir que participantes ou integrantes usem os dispositivos. O decreto prevê campanhas educativas e aplicação de penalidades. Os organizadores também devem permitir o acesso de fiscais identificados, que podem orientar os participantes e fiscalizar o cumprimento da regra. Organizadores de eventos privados devem seguir as orientações da SPM.
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Entrega nos circuitos oficiais
Nos portais de acesso ou em locais indicados pela SPM para entrar e permanecer nos circuitos oficiais, pessoas que estejam levando os artefatos devem ser orientadas a entregá-los. A SPM fica responsável por recolher os itens descartados ou entregues e encaminhá-los a cooperativas de reciclagem, preferencialmente lideradas por mulheres. Órgãos de segurança pública dão apoio à fiscalização e à aplicação do decreto.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Por que a Bahia adotou a medida?
O governo afirma que a medida busca proteger a segurança e o bem-estar das pessoas e coibir práticas de misoginia e machismo. O decreto expressa esse objetivo no artigo 1º: “A proibição, no âmbito do Estado da Bahia, da utilização de ‘pistolas de água’ e congêneres durante o carnaval e festas de rua, objetiva a garantia da segurança e do bem-estar de todas as pessoas, coibindo práticas de misoginia e machismo.”
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Em relato publicado em 2023, a SPM associou a aprovação da lei a um episódio ocorrido no Carnaval daquele ano: segundo a secretaria, uma mulher foi atingida por jatos de água e empurrada repetidamente por homens em um bloco de Salvador. Essa é a justificativa contextual apresentada pela agência; os materiais oficiais citados não apresentam estatísticas de incidentes nem uma medição dos efeitos da proibição.
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