For a live Indian music feed, use FFmpeg’s loudnorm filter in single-pass mode and set its integrated loudness (I), loudness range (LRA) and maximum true peak (TP) to targets confirmed for your destination. FFmpeg documents livestream support, but it does not prescribe an India-specific target. The values below are illustrative, not a platform requirement.
Choose the normalization workflow
FFmpeg’s loudnorm filter implements EBU R128 loudness normalization. The FFmpeg Project documents single-pass operation for livestreams and files, and double-pass operation for files. For a continuous live input, single-pass is the relevant workflow; for a prepared recording, you can measure the file first and then normalize it using those measurements.
Normalization controls loudness; it does not by itself provide playlist management, restart behavior, or uninterrupted 24/7 operation. Those require separate operational design.
Set targets for your destination
The filter’s three principal targets describe different things:
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I: desired integrated loudness across the programme.LRA: desired loudness range, or how much loudness variation to retain.TP: maximum true peak, which limits estimated peaks between digital samples.
The FFmpeg Project documentation, accessed 2026-10-03, lists defaults of I=-24.0, LRA=7.0 and TP=-2.0. These are filter defaults, not a recommended target for Indian music, a broadcast standard, or a YouTube requirement. Its documented ranges are I -70 to -5, LRA 1 to 50, and TP -9 to 0. Confirm the required loudness and peak limits with your destination or distribution chain before choosing values.
Use single-pass loudnorm for a live input
This is a command template, not a tested, complete 24/7 streaming configuration. Replace the input, output, encoding and illustrative targets with settings appropriate to your audio and destination:
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ffmpeg -re -i INPUT -af "loudnorm=I=-18:LRA=11:TP=-2" -c:a aac -b:a 192k -f flv OUTPUTI=-18, LRA=11 and TP=-2 are example values only; they are not an official recommendation or a universal target. The example’s input, AAC codec, bitrate, FLV muxer and output are placeholders. Check the destination’s current ingest requirements and choose a compatible audio and container configuration.
In dynamic mode, FFmpeg upsamples internally to 192 kHz for true-peak detection. That does not mean the delivered stream must be 192 kHz. The documentation says to specify an output sample rate with -ar or aresample if you want one.
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When to measure a file first
For a prepared file, a two-pass workflow can use measurements gathered before normalization. FFmpeg’s linear mode requires measured integrated loudness, loudness range, true peak and threshold values. Linear mode may fall back to dynamic mode if the requested LRA is below the source LRA, or if the required integrated-loudness change would push true peak above the target. Do not assume that selecting linear mode guarantees linear processing.
FFmpeg also provides dual_mono for mono audio intended for stereo playback, where ordinary EBU R128 measurement may be perceptually inaccurate. Consult the FFmpeg Filters Documentation, section 8.97, loudnorm for the filter’s complete options and current syntax.
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Check the result and diagnose problems
- The music still varies in perceived loudness:
loudnormtargets integrated loudness and range; it does not make every moment equally loud. Reassess the chosen targets against the content and destination rather than treating defaults as a universal preset. - The target range is not achieved linearly: compare the requested LRA with the measured source LRA and check whether the integrated adjustment would exceed the true-peak ceiling. FFmpeg may switch to dynamic mode under those conditions.
- The stream format is rejected or cannot be played: the sample command uses placeholders. Verify the destination’s current supported codec, bitrate, sample rate, muxer and output format; normalization settings do not determine ingest compatibility.
- The stream stops or fails to resume: loudness normalization does not establish fault tolerance, automatic restart or continuous uptime. Configure and verify those behaviors separately.
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