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Check the video and your Ubuntu FFmpeg build first
Do not assume a devotional recording is 1080p30 or even has an audio stream. Inspect its properties before choosing output settings:
ffprobe -hide_banner input.mp4Check the video dimensions and frame rate, and whether audio is present. If the source has no audio stream, the example command below needs adapting; it expects both video and audio.
FFmpeg options generally apply to the next input or output, so their order matters. Check the installed version and available encoders:
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ffmpeg -version
ffmpeg -hide_banner -encodersThe template uses libx264. Its availability depends on how FFmpeg was built; a machine may also have hardware encoders, but support depends on its hardware and drivers. Ubuntu’s Noble FFmpeg codec manual documents H.264 VAAPI support for compatible platforms, not universal availability. See the Ubuntu Noble FFmpeg codecs manual and FFmpeg documentation.
Choose YouTube-compatible output settings
YouTube’s current live encoder settings recommend RTMPS ingestion and list H.264, H.265/HEVC, and AV1 video, AAC or MP3 audio, up to 60 fps, and CBR. H.264 video with AAC audio is a practical compatibility-oriented choice for this example.
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- Bitrate: choose it for the output resolution and frame rate, not as a universal value. YouTube recommends 5 Mbps for H.264 at 1080p30 and 8 Mbps for H.264 at 720p30. Use YouTube’s current table for other combinations.
- Keyframes: YouTube recommends a two-second interval and says not to exceed four seconds. At 30 fps,
-g 60gives a 60-frame GOP, or two seconds; at 25 fps, use-g 50. - Picture and color: YouTube’s advanced guidance recommends square pixels, progressive scan, two B-frames, one reference frame, CABAC, and Rec. 709 for SDR. Match these where your source and encoder allow it.
- Audio: YouTube recommends 44.1 kHz stereo audio and lists 128 kbps for stereo AAC/MP3. Listen to the preview to verify the devotional recording is audible and intelligible.
YouTube detects resolution and frame rate automatically by default; manual resolution selection is available with a custom stream key. Match your output to the source where practical, then consult YouTube’s current bitrate table if you change resolution or frame rate.
Prepare the YouTube stream and protect its key
- Open YouTube Live Control Room and prepare a live stream.
- Copy the current ingest URL and private stream key shown for that stream. Prefer the RTMPS endpoint when offered. YouTube’s LiveStreams API documentation provides ingestion URL context; creators should use the values displayed in their own Live Control Room.
- Keep the key private. Do not publish it in scripts, screenshots, shared shell history, or logs. Anyone with access to a live stream key may be able to send a stream to that destination.
Run a looping 1080p30 FFmpeg template
This illustrative template loops a file indefinitely, encodes 1080p30 H.264 with AAC stereo, and sends it as an FLV output over RTMPS. Replace input.mp4 and the placeholder URL with your file and the endpoint/key from Live Control Room. Do not paste a real key into a script you share or publish.
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ffmpeg -re -stream_loop -1 -i input.mp4 \
-c:v libx264 -pix_fmt yuv420p -preset veryfast \
-b:v 5M -maxrate 5M -bufsize 10M -r 30 -g 60 \
-c:a aac -b:a 128k -ar 44100 -ac 2 \
-f flv 'rtmps://INGEST_URL/STREAM_KEY'-re reads the file at its native rate for real-time output. -stream_loop -1 repeats the input indefinitely and must appear before -i. The 5 Mbps video target and 128 kbps audio setting align with YouTube’s cited 1080p30 and stereo recommendations; they are configuration recommendations, not guarantees of performance. If you want the file to play once, omit -stream_loop -1 and decide how you want the live stream to end when the file reaches its end.
For a different output frame rate, adjust -r and make -g approximately twice that frame rate to target a two-second keyframe interval. Select the matching H.264 bitrate from YouTube’s current table rather than reusing the 1080p30 value.
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Check the stream before relying on it
- Start FFmpeg and watch its reported speed. If it cannot sustain real-time output, reduce resolution or frame rate, or investigate an encoder available in your local build. Do not silently swap codecs without checking YouTube’s current guidance and your stream output.
- Watch the YouTube Live Control Room preview and status. Confirm the image has the intended aspect ratio and colors, and that audio is present and intelligible.
- Keep the stream running only after checking that the connection and encoding remain stable. Documentation recommendations cannot establish whether your particular computer and internet upload can sustain the chosen settings.
Troubleshoot common failures
- “Unknown encoder ‘libx264’” or an encoder error: your installed FFmpeg build may not include
libx264. Checkffmpeg -versionandffmpeg -hide_banner -encoders; investigate the build or compatible hardware encoders available on your system. - The stream is choppy or FFmpeg speed falls below real time: the selected encoding workload or connection may be too demanding. Try a lower resolution or frame rate and reselect the bitrate from YouTube’s table for that output.
- YouTube does not receive the stream: verify you copied the current ingest URL and matching key from Live Control Room, prefer the RTMPS endpoint, and check that the key has not been mistyped or exposed.
- No sound in the preview: confirm the input contains an audio stream. If it does, check the audio mapping and listen to the incoming preview; the template is not suitable unchanged for a file without audio.
- Image looks stretched, incorrectly colored, or unlike the source: inspect source dimensions and frame rate, then check aspect ratio and color handling in the preview. The template’s SDR-oriented settings are not a guarantee for every source format.
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