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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchIan Cardozo’s account of the 1965 battle of Chhamb appears in 1965: Courage Unleashed: Short Stories of the Indo-Pak War, a collection about the wider conflict—not a book devoted only to Chhamb. In an excerpt published by Scroll.in, Cardozo describes why the sector mattered, the forces he says were assigned there, and the events leading up to Pakistan’s launch of Operation Grand Slam on 1 September 1965.
Why Chhamb mattered in Cardozo’s account
Cardozo presents Chhamb as strategically important to both India and Pakistan because of its position between the Munawar Tawi, the Chenab River and the Kalidhar hills. He says the area offered routes and approaches toward Akhnur. In his assessment, taking Akhnur could threaten routes serving Rajouri, Naushera and Poonch, the alternate approach to the Srinagar Valley, and Jammu.
He also emphasizes the terrain’s suitability for armored movement: “The area west of Chhamb is an ideal tank country, with plenty of scope for manoeuvre for mobile forces,” Cardozo writes. That observation captures the tension in his account: the landscape could support an offensive, but its defensive value depended on how Indian forces planned and held it.
Forces and the defense described in the excerpt
Cardozo’s excerpt portrays the Indian force in the sector as comparatively limited. He says it consisted of one infantry brigade, with one battalion in the hills and three in the plains; one squadron of light AMX tanks from 20 Lancers; a field artillery regiment; and a medium artillery battery.
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Against that, Cardozo describes a larger Pakistani allocation: two infantry brigades assigned an assault role, one brigade assigned a holding role, a division in reserve, two armored regiments, and multiple artillery and support units. These are the force details as presented in his excerpt; the cited book and excerpt sources do not independently verify the totals or provide a complete operational comparison.
The events leading to Operation Grand Slam
According to Cardozo, an intelligence report received on 14 August 1965 described an enemy concentration at Moel. He says a subsequent report noted a tank squadron moving to Mattewala. The excerpt then places the launch of Pakistan’s Operation Grand Slam on 1 September 1965, while India’s 10th Infantry Division was still taking over responsibilities in the area. Cardozo says the 191st Infantry Brigade had been expected to come under the division on 15 September.
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Cardozo also recounts that Brigadier Behram Master and several officers were killed in an artillery explosion at Dewa on 15 August 1965 at 1000 hours. This specific account is reported in the excerpt; the sources cited here do not independently corroborate it.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.The book behind the Chhamb excerpt
1965: Courage Unleashed: Short Stories of the Indo-Pak War is a collection of personal experiences from the wider 1965 war. Penguin Random House India lists an Indian paperback edition, ISBN 9780143460374, with 304 pages and an August 2024 publication date. The publisher lists ₹350 as the Indian-market MRP and includes Amazon among its buying options; marketplace pricing and availability may differ. See the publisher’s book listing. The Chhamb passage was published by Scroll.in as an excerpt from the book, with permission: read the excerpt.
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