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What counts as catfishing?
Catfishing involves using a false online identity to interact with someone. ABC News quoted television host Nev Schulman defining a catfish as someone who uses online profiles while “pretending to be either a version of themselves or someone entirely different.” Motives vary; a false persona is not automatically a romance scam or a financial fraud. Netflix Tudum’s interview with psychology professor Kelly Campbell distinguishes romance scams, which use a false persona with the goal of stealing money, from catfishing with other motives.
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For celebrity stories, it helps to separate three roles: a public figure deceived by a false identity; a public figure whose identity is borrowed to deceive another person; and someone caught up in a complicated case where the evidence does not fit either simple label.
Documented cases—and who was deceived
| Case | What the reporting establishes | Role in the case |
|---|---|---|
| Manti Te’o | CBS News reported that Te’o learned in 2012 that his online girlfriend was not the person she had claimed to be. The report describes the claimed identity, illness and death, and the later discovery. Te’o discussed the experience with TIME in connection with the Netflix documentary Untold: The Girlfriend Who Didn’t Exist. | Te’o said he was deceived by a false identity. |
| Paris Dunn and Chris “Birdman” Andersen | ABC News reported that model Dunn and NBA player Andersen were caught up in a complex scheme. The report says Dunn and Andersen “say they were set up,” so the case should not be reduced to a simple victim-and-catfish account. | People caught up in a complex scheme; the report preserves their account that they were set up. |
| Katy Perry impersonation | TIME reported that a Tennessee man believed he was communicating with Perry for six years. Perry commented on his experience in a radio interview, saying, “My heart goes out to him, actually.” | The man was deceived; Perry was the impersonated public figure. |
| Tegan and Sara impersonation | TIME’s October 18, 2024 feature describes someone impersonating Tegan Quin and communicating with fans and people around Tegan and Sara over a period the article calls sixteen years. It recounts a fan’s story and the band’s response. | Fans and people around the band were deceived by an impersonator; the reporting does not establish that Tegan or Sara were themselves catfished. |
| Scott Yates | In a Channel 4 interview, actor Yates said he had been catfished after speaking for about a month with someone he had not video-called. | Yates described himself as the person deceived; this is his interview account. |
| Kirat Assi | Netflix Tudum describes Assi’s years-long relationship with someone presenting as Bobby Jandu and her eventual in-person encounter with the real Jandu, who said he did not know her. Tudum also discusses the podcast and documentary accounts. | A documented catfishing case subject, but the cited material does not establish that Assi is a celebrity. |
Why these stories should not be turned into a 15-person list
A list titled “15 Celebrities Who Have Been Catfished” suggests 15 individually substantiated cases of public figures personally deceived by false online identities. The cases above do not support that claim. Some concern impersonators using a celebrity’s identity, and others are complex or involve people whose celebrity status is not established by the cited reporting. Mixing those categories would misstate who experienced the deception.
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The evidence also does not supply a prevalence figure for catfishing. Netflix Tudum notes that prevalence is difficult to assess without randomly sampling the population that could be affected. A precise-sounding count should not be inferred from a handful of reported cases.
What readers can take from the cases
These accounts show why identity and motive matter. A person may use a false persona for reasons other than taking money, while a romance scam specifically involves a goal of financial theft. The reported cases do not establish that every deception involved financial fraud.
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Netflix Tudum’s interview with Campbell recommends meeting before becoming emotionally invested, using video calls cautiously because they can be altered, checking images and profile content, and asking trusted friends or family for perspective. These are precautions, not conclusive tests: a video call or an image search cannot by itself prove who is behind an account.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Documentaries and further context
The documentary Untold: The Girlfriend Who Didn’t Exist provides context for Te’o’s account, while the Tegan and Sara feature explores an impersonation story affecting fans and people around the musicians. Netflix Tudum also covers Assi’s case and its podcast and documentary treatments. Availability of documentaries can change by region and over time, so check the relevant service’s current catalog where you live.
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- CBS News: Manti Te’o discusses the catfishing scandal
- TIME: Manti Te’o and Untold
- ABC News: Paris Dunn and Chris Andersen’s case
- TIME: Tegan and Sara impersonation story
- TIME: The Katy Perry impersonator case
- Channel 4: Scott Yates interview
- Netflix Tudum: Kirat Assi interview
- Netflix Tudum: Sweet Bobby feature
- Netflix Tudum: Catfishing, romance scams and expert advice
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